Decisions in Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Essay -- Analysis Road

Decisions in Robert Frosts The course non Taken Throughout our lives we ar faced with a matter of important finales, decisions that determine an unseen future. The choices, though often virtually identical, direct to different destinies and often leave us asking what if? There ar not always signs telling us the way to go or the choice to make we must find out what lies ahead for ourselves. In his The Road Not Taken, Robert Frost relates to the reader such a choice, symbolic, perchance of any major decision in life. The traveler in Frosts meter must blindly decide between two similar paths, and this decision greatly affects his life thereafter. In the opening stanza, Frost takes the reader into a yellow wood, setting the scene. Both this location and time of year are important in the description of the travelers decision. The idea of being in a forest brings to mind towering trees and plants blocking everything but the path traveled. This control is a way of showing that ev en though we all are different, every oneness must follow certain guidelines. The traveler then looked down one path as ... ...and it has changed his life. As travelers on paths of life, we come to a number of forks separately day, and the directions we choose there shape our unique lives. Sources Cited and ConsultedMike Bellah. The Road Not Taken. Best Years. Online. World Wide Web. 29 Jul 2004.Finger, L. L. Frosts The Road Not Taken a 1925 Letter come to Light. American Literature 50. Online. World Wide Web. 20 Jul. 2004.Frost, Robert. The Road Not Taken. The Poetry of Robert Frost. Ed. Edward Connery, Lathem. New York Hot, Rinehart and Winston, 1969.

Niccolo Machiavelli

Niccolo Machiavelli (May 3, 1469 June 21, 1527) lived in Florence, Italy. Machiavelli was an Italian philosopher, politician, writer and perhaps i among the chief founders of semipolitical science. Since Machiavelli was a renaissance man, he acted in the mental object of a diplomat, a political philosopher, a musician, a playwright, a poet and a Florentine Republic civil servant. This paper therefore takes to ascertain the finis to which Machiavelli would consider the political ideologies of doubting Thomas Paine, Karl Marx, Adolph Hitler and Franklin D. Roosevelt as feasible or meaningful.Thomas Paine Machiavelli would run across the ideas of Paines political postulations in Common Sense lovely to a larger extent. This is more so because Paine (2006) perceives the government as a punisher, and this role being a derivative of the inherent wicked spirit of man. To this effect, the government would act as the restrainer of human vices. The agree fittedness with Machiavellis i batchs is that this ideology marries well with Machiavellis postulations about the leader being able to move fast to quash political foes so as to unite power (Machiavelli, 1868).It is obvious that the means of extirpating the influence of a political enemy would be states instruments of coercion (Paine, 2000). Karl Marx In the same vein, Machiavelli would find the Marxist ideologies propounded by Karl Marx in the Communist Manifesto agreeable since by means of Karl Marxs teachings on the Class Consciousness and Antagonism, Marx explains on how the political elite, the bourgeoisie, exploits by using the state instruments and state forces, the working class (the proletariat) with the two prevailing aims of consolidating political power and ensuring profit maximization from the proletariats (Marx and Engels, 1955).This well agrees with Machiavellis political ideology of The ends justifying the means- a maxim Karl Marx crafts to buttress his argument that a ruler must use all means possible to relieve and consolidate power, the killing of foes and friends alike, being inclusive of these means. Adolph Hitler Similarly, some ideas propounded by Hitler in his writings, Mein Kampf would be acceptable before Karl Marx. Hitler (1986) is reported as having posited that since the masses are always trivial and less smart, a leader should be superstar who is calculating, not having qualms to employ propaganda on the masses to achieve a political feat.This still underscores Machiavellis idea of the ends justifying the means. Similarly, Machiavelli espouses deeply the use of trickery (propaganda) to corroborate power. Hitlers plans to create more room (Lebensraum) for Germans by entering treaties with UK and Russia as an artifice to help in the recapturing of the Germanys lost tracts of land confirms Machiavellis ideas that a leader must be calculating and very cunning.The cunningness stinkpot this proposed Russia, Germany and UK treaty is that the provision would w ard off Germany from the exhaustion of fighting at the same time both in the East and West (Manheim and Hitler, 1969). Franklin D. Roosevelt To a larger extent, Roosevelts postulations that are revealed in his inaugural speech that saw his transition from a New York governor to the 32nd US president would be considered as antithetical towards Machiavellis. The concept of political morality and stark allusions to values imbue all the spectra of Roosevelts speech.Roosevelt is spurred on by morality while Machiavelli on the other hand, political expedience. The only point Machiavelli would accept Roosevelts propositions is the feature that Roosevelt saw the need of broad executive powers being vested on the result of the executive in order to allow the occupant of this office deal with an invading foreign foe (Polenberg, 2000). Machiavelli talks of all the instruments at the giving medication of the ruler being used to quash ruthlessly an enemy. ConclusionNevertheless, it is preg nant to consider that although comparing ones political doctrine to another(prenominal) for scholarly proposes may remain as expedient, yet, any political philosophy has the merit to exist in its own right, provided the philosophy in picture captures the true identity of the state. It is by this virtue that al these philosophies which were advanced by Thomas Paine, Karl Marx, Adolph Hitler and Franklin D. Roosevelt were considered as legitimate in the eyes of respective citizens.

Consider the Scale on Which Payless Operate

MINUTES ON MEETING HELD AT THE CHURCH PREMISES (FIRST GALLERY) ON THE SUNDAY, 2ND September, 2012 MEMBERS register 1. The president 2. Vice chairperson 3. The 18 Appointed Executives ABSENT 1. 2 Appointed Executives AGENDA 1. Presidents address 2. Plan for the social class 3. Form of delivery 4. Achievement of invent 5. Setting up whiz ministries in another(prenominal) branches/Ghana ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION fulfil 1. OPENING The collision started at 1 07 pm with an opening prayer by the President INTRODUCTION 1. The meeting was organized for the newly plant iodines Executives to deliberate on issues and propose suggestions pertaining to the Singles Ministry. PRESIDENTS ADDRESS 1. The President welcomed members to the maiden meeting and took a roll annunciate of members present. He advised that members contribution was very lively to the success of the meeting, hence their opinion will be required during the meeting. computer pr ogram FOR THE YEAR Members proposed the following topics 1.How to be found 2. 0 2. How to choose a demeanor partner 3. Understanding of single hood 4. Sustaining relationship beforehand marriage 5.Staying holy before marriage 6. Ethics of a family life 7. Love,Romance,Sex 8. What marriage is (concept of arriage) 9. Maximizing your potential as a single (networking) 10. forwarding yourself for the cooperate world 11. Things to say / not say 12.Dos / takets 13. Spirtual aspect of singlehood 14. What is love 15.Is love necessary for marriage 16. Proposing right 17. How women should sway themselves 18.Focus group discussions (men/women ) OTHERS 19. Cooking competition 20. Video shows 21.Deliverance section 2. 1 22. childs play (Beach, Sports, Swimming pool Botif all(prenominal)s, Esukyuari) Members were asked by the President to practice Emails of topics to Vice President by mid week for collat ion. FORM OF DELIVERY OF PLAN The plan above will be in action as follows by Seminars Quiz competition Teaching 2. Sermon ACHIEVEMENT OF PLAN The transaction of plan will be based on what team members send to Vice President TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR MEMBERS 2. 3 1.Bringing more single on board (Musical shows, Worship concerts & variety night) , T-shirt, Target universities 2. inaugurate ways to raise funds 2. 4 Protocol aggroup, P. R group & Organizing 3.Get a name for the Ministry Team 4. Day of meetings/programme 5.Implementation of all plans SETTING UP SINGLE MINISTRIES IN OTHER BRANCHES/GHANA Involving of other branches and Conferences for Ghana Will done by the President/Vice President MEETING DAYS Members agreed that meetings be changed to Saturday nights and the next Single confluence will be on 2. Saturday, 29th September, 2012 Next meeting for Singl e Executives is Sunday, 16th September, 2012 P. R Team & Organizing Team CLOSING The meeting ended at 150pm and Mr. Kelvin Tibu (Praise &Worship Team) gave the ending prayer. Finance Team 3. All Executives Prayer Team Protocol Team Praise & Worship Team and Organizing Team All Executives 4. 0

Digital Bangladesh Essay

Introduction digital Bangladesh is a natural world, a new concept, a new intake. Bangladesh is forthwith reverberate with the aim of achieving digital Bangladesh. Our present prime minister, Sheikh Hasina, in their choice manifesto of 2008 decl bed to build up Bangladesh as a digital one by 2021. Since then this concept has become almost a lip-word with the people of Bangladesh. Meaning of digital Bangladesh our life today is governed by the offshoots of science. science has ushered in new era in the history of human civilization. computing device invention is the most determining factor in the respect. It has brought about a revolutionary change on the face of the global world. This change has been likely finished and by dint of the breeding technology (it) based on computing machine-internet carcass. The micro-electronic scheme with which all sorts of tuition are collected. Assimilated, preserved, processed and transmitted is known as information technology. This inf ormation technology or computer & adenine internet based Bangladesh is called a digital Bangladesh. Necessity in Bangladesh ours is a growing area. We a achieved independence in 1971 afterwards a flaming(a) liberation war.Science then began the campaign of building up the war-shattered Bangladesh as a Bangla of gold. But it is a matter of great sorrow that we deplete not been able to cross just the stage of a developing area even after the lapse of a long rate of flow of 38 years of liberation. No expected development has yet been achieved. The master(prenominal) causes are laziness, want of morality, tendency to make more talks than ply, lack of tendency to go ahead with the advanced technology etc. The dawdling connection of the digital dodge in all the activities of Bangladesh, if possible, may harbor birth to a digital Bangladesh. This perspective plan fucking be brought into reality only when the important places of the country back end be brought under(a) contro l by setting us CCTV camera based on the computer-election campaign done video conferences as a part of her dream of building up digital Bangladesh. We send packing apply digital system in the following firmaments of our national life. Educational vault of heaven education is the acantha of a nation. So we must put our first priority on education sector with a view to establishing a digital Bangladesh. We can make video of teachers lectures of speeches and display them on the ashen screens before the learner.Read more Essay on Liberation war of BangladeshA learner can receive education sitting in his house. Medical sector medical facilities are one of the basic demand of human beings. Modern science has given birth to a new world in the field of medical treatment. If the internet connection can be spread widely, a patient can receive prescription drug of medicine without appearing before a physician by compensable offers through online banking system. Agricultural secto r ours is an ago-based country. More than 80% of the people of our country are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. But they are illiterate of the more method of cultivation whereas the developed countries of the world have championed in this fields by using the boons of mechanized method of cultivation. Administrative sector most of the offices of our country are extremely sluggish in work and life in wait for taking bribes by holding up work days after days. We can make the administration dynamic, work-oriented and bleak from corruption by setting up CCTV camera through computer-internet system. certificate sector security is a must in every area of our national life. No national can expect to advance without having a well-founded security system. It can be made possible by setting up CCTV camera through computer internet system.This system depart help us detect the miscreant event after ling period of their occurrence of mischiefs. Buying and selling sector buying a nd selling are our every-days matter. Everyday we go to markets or shop malls to make purchase of distinguishable essential things of our daily life. If the computer interlock can be spread widely, we shall be able to make our demand purchases by staying in our house. Not only in the native land, can it be extended even to the foreign countries by making payments through credit cards. Communication sector transport is civilization goes a refreshful saying. It is not possible to make all round development without having a good and dynamic communication system in the country. At present, many a(prenominal) a thing of communication affairs is Bering controlled through computer-internet system. We can too bring the whole country within the reach of our hands through this system. Publication sector we cannot think of publication books today without the help of computer network. The computer system has already been introduced in our publication industry.Earlier, the booed which took at to the lowest degree two months to be produce, now that blood can be published within two days. Newspaper sector computer network is now being used in publishing newspapers on a larger scale. Now a newspaper is being published in several(predicate) regions of the country simultaneously. So newspapers are no more sent to Chittagong, khulna, Rajshahi or sleet from Dhaka by transport. Especially tins system is being followed in case of first call news papers. Recreation sector entertainment sources are badly ingested for the modern mechanized hard-field of recreation. We can fuck different sorts of amusements including different games and film shows. We can now know the results of the games which are going on overseas within a moment through internet. Banking sector computer network has given a new pulsation in the banking sector. It has made banking sector mere dynamic than ever before. Online system has already been introduced in many banking institutions. Now we no m ore need carry cash money with us to the remotest regions of the country.If this system can be introduced in all banking institutions in our country, Bangladesh will be able to gait into a digital one. Setting up online information center the information services of different public and private sector can be made reach to the door-step of the people by setting up online information centers. Then people will be able to collect different data or information from this information center. Not only that they will be able to know about the final institutional conditions and position. consequence it is said hope springs eternal in the human breast we excessively hope that we shall be able to turn our war-shattered country into a digital Bangladesh by bringing about an all round development through all-out efforts of people of a all walks of life. We are very encouraging to learn that the daily Jougantor and the Cambrian college have jointly taken a gigantic to set up digital campus all over the country with the Sklogan.

1984 And Lord of the Flies Essay

churchman of the go, by William Golding, and 1984, By George Or hygienicspring, both portray the power of the establishment and the revolutions that develop, art object expressing a different nature of venerate. both(prenominal) books hold up a stiff government possessing power and manoeuver over entirely the citizens. The novels comp be in expressing caution and, contrast in showing completely divergent types of fear. Each composing of literature displays jealousy and hatred towards the government which leads to revolts. Furthermore, in the book, original of the Flies, champion boy, Ralph, curbs over several boys while they ar stranded on an island. The books sea captain of the Flies and 1984 both have communities with an over view government using extreme power. gentle of the Flies is about twenty boys who are stranded with no gravid authority on a deserted island later on their plane crashes. cardinal of the oldest boys at the age of twelve, Ralph, be cuts chief because he holds the conch shell and the boys all(a) grant to follow his orders.The book 1984 takes place in the totalitarian country of Oceania after World War II. This powerful country is under full control of their government known as The caller and all the citizens are watched end-to-end the day by telescreens placed all over their communities. In the manufacturer of the Flies, Ralph quickly declares himself chief and exerts his power on his fellow tribesmen in flak of impartning an organized community. As chief, Ralph orders from individually one of the boys a job to adjoin to get along the community run smoothly. One of the boys, twat, is in charge of tutelage the fire lit and under control. Ralphs powerfulness is expressed when bullshit leaves the fire unattended as a ship passes the island. Ralph pushes piggy to unitary side. I was chief, and you are loss to do what I said (Golding 70). once Ralph sees the ship at a distant from the island and realizes the fire is at a low ember he becomes outraged. He pushes piggy and demands damn to come after his orders. Ralph knew it was crucial to keep the fire going to get the attention of the sailors on the ship.See more Sleep Deprivation Problem Solution lyric EssayThis was a missed opportunity by the boys and Ralph uses his power to wreak sure e realone executes their job. Ralph does not yell because he is arrogant, he uses his power to make sure the boys get home safely. Similarly, in 1984, the government is referred to as the caller and it has power over all the citizens. The telescreens are pictorial bet cameras placed round the cities including inside everyones home. Also, the company hangs propaganda around the cities to remind the citizens to obey all rules of The Party. In the beginning of the book the propaganda is explained as The black-mustachiod pose gazed kill from every commanding corner. There was one on the house summit immediately opposite. Big crony Is Watchin g You, the caption said, while the smuggled eye looked deep into his own (Orwell 2).Big comrade is the head of The Party and complete dictator of Oceania. These posters are used to remind the citizens they are organism watched at all times. The propaganda used in the communities portrays the power of Big brother and The Party. The posters are hung everywhere so the citizens are constantly faced with sounding their dictator in the face. The books cleric of the Flies and1984 both portray a strong central government with a powerful dictator ruling over both communities. Virgina Tiger, professor and chair of English at Rutgers University in New Brunswick and an author of four books, is a connoisseur on master key of the Flies. Tiger said Middle-class Ralph, with his boy scout skills, fair complexion, and wiz of fair play, is the son of a naval officer, thus is he most linked to Britains past magisterial powers on the seas (Tiger). In this restate she is characterizing Ralph. H is father is a naval officer so he is well-nigh linked to the powerful force of the British Navy.Tiger desires Ralph was declared attractor because of the skills he possesses as well as his fathers strong leadership qualities displayed in the Navy. Similarly, critics of the book 1984 acknowledge the power of the government and its rule over the people. Victoria Gaydosik, an associate professor at Southwestern okay State University and a published editor of young adult books, is a critic of 1984. She said The ruling political system, Ingsoc, venerates the leader (possibly mythical) Big Brother members of the Inner Party exercise the real power behind the present face of Big Brother. Winston, a lowly member of the outer party, has no power to wield, and the state is interested only in his obedience to the leave of the Party (Gaydosik). Gaydosik says The Party only cares of the citizens obedience to the depart of The Party center The Party has complete control and power over al l the citizens. two the critics of maestro of the Flies and 1984 recognize the power of the governments in both communities. In both of the books, Lord of the Flies and 1984, an expression of fear is present towards reverse gear ideas.In Lord of the Flies, the young boys are stranded on a deserted island and become scared of what else could be on the island. Also, they fear exanimate man connected to a rise that landed on transcend of a tidy sum on the island. They boys believe it is most sort of barbarian and set up to kill it. In 1984, the main character, Winston Smith, faces the fear of universe caught by the Party for his contumacious acts throughout the book. Conversely, in Lord of the Flies, the boys are afraid of a mysterious object attached to a parachute that floats on top of a mountain on the island. In Lord of the Flies, both boys are taking care of the fire when they spot what they believe is a wight on the mountain. They are extremely frightened and run to Ralph for help. They became motionless, gripped in each others arms, four unwinking eyes aimed two mouths open (Golding 98). The boys are still at young ages of around six-spot to twelve years old. The surprise of seeing an unrecognizable body with eyes immediately brought the boys to the conclusion the body was a zoology. This puts a fear in all the boys of the abstruse on the island.The boys are scared of what else could be on the island and what was the beast the two boys saw. The boys have no adult protection from the beast and fear what could happen to them. On the contrary, the citizens in 1984 fear their government and the criminal punishments resulting from not abiding the laws. The Party is extremely controlling and has strict laws for all the citizens to obey. Winston meets a girl, Julia, and they have to plan to meet secretly to see each other because their stimulateual relationship is not allowed in Oceania. Julia says, We can come here once again, its generally safe to use both hide-out twice. solely not for some other month or two of melt down (Orwell 112). This occurs when Julia and Winston first start seeing each other and Julia is explaining to him they could come venture to their hide-out exclusively not for a pit months because it would be suspicious.They have to be cautious with their secret relationship because it can result in merciless punishment from The Party. Throughout the book they must face the fear of cosmos caught by The Party and be sentenced to death. In both books, Lord of the Flies and 1984, a portrayal of fear is present but of contrasting ideas. A critic Paul Crawford is currently an assistant professor of history at California University of Pennsylvania and also published a book and many online articles including literary criticism on Lord of the Flies. In his criticism he says They face beasts and phantoms in a succession of apparently supernatural neverthelessts. shy and fearful, the boys are subjected to u nexplained phenomena. Suspense and hesitation as to the nature of the beast follow, and their fear increases accordingly (Crawford). Crawford is saying that the boys were faced with beasts and unknown objects under weird circumstances. Suspense rises when the boys see the beast and their fear increases in result of the unknown on the island.The boys fear the unknown and the beast because they dont have protection and dont know what the mysterious beast will do. In contrast to this the main character of 1984, Winston Smith, faces the fear of being seized by the government for is unacceptable relationship with Julia. Critic of 1984, Jane Graves, is an award-winning author of mash novels. She states in an online article, After many difficult encounters where they attempt to hide from the telescreens, they run to meet in a clearing in the woods. Here they are able to be free with one another and have sex for the first time (Graves). Graves explains the troubles in which Winston and J ulia face to have informal intercourse with one another. They have to avoid being seen on the video cameras around the cities and meet each other in the woods. Betrayal of The Party and Big Brother leads to severe consequences so Julia and Winston must always face the fear of being caught.The books Lord of the Flies and 1984 both express fear but of different concepts and situations. Lord of the Flies and 1984 compare in possessing developlious groups with revolutionary beliefs against the government. In Lord of the Flies, one of the boys, Jack, is upset with the decision of making Ralph chief. Jack believes he is a more qualified chief and begins leading(p) his own group of kids. In 1984 Winston Smith believes the government is corrupt and controls the futurity and the citizens by erasing the past. Winston starts having rebellious thoughts and believes in a revolutionary group named the join against The Party. In comparison to the Brotherhood, Jack, from the Lord of the Flies, goes against Ralph and leads his own group of kids in a hunt for the beast. In Lord of the Flies when two boys spot a mysterious beast, they all start climbing the mountain where it landed in search of it. Ralph decides to head back to their camp because the boys were getting tired but Jack refuses. Jack says Im going up the mountain to look for the beast now (Golding 119). Jack demands to search for the beast going against Ralphs decision of taking a rest from searching.A couple other boys agree with Jack and head up the mountain while Ralph and the rest of the boys go back to their camp. After disagreeing with making Ralph the chief, Jack in the long run makes a stand and refuses to take orders from Ralph. Likewise, in 1984, Winston Smith disagrees with the government and makes a stand against The Party. He begins by writing rebellious thoughts in his journal and wants to break the laws of Oceania by performing a inner act. Winston believes having sex is rebelling against the g overnment. Orwell says, And what he wanted, more even than to be loved, was to break down that wall of virtue, even if it were only once in his whole life. The sexual act, successfully performed, was uprising (Orwell 60). Winstons dream comes true when he met Julia and finds himself in a sexual relationship with her.Winstons main goal throughout the story is to rebel against The Party and to make his own decisions. Winston breaks the virtues of The Party and successfully rebels against Big Brother with his sexual involvement with Julia. The books Lord of the Flies and 1984 compare in possessing characters that light touch with their respective governments ideals and partake in rebellious acts. Berthold Schoene-Harwood is a critic of Lord of the Flies as well as a teacher in Liverpool at John Moores University and a successful author and editor. Berthold says, The boys engage in a relentless, ultimately self-annihilating battle against their own nature. In their attempt to keep th emselves as men (Schoene-Harwood). He is saying the boys find themselves fighting against each other to prove who is more of a man. These battles lead to the death of some of the children because they have become savages from their extended amount of time on the island. Jack acts out against Ralph because he does not want to be controlled by him.Jack deems he is his own man and can make his decisions which results in his revolt against Ralph. Similarly, in1984, Winston acts out against the government through performing rebellious acts. Gorman Beauchamp, a critic of 1984, graduated from the University of Michigan and is currently an associate professor emeritus at the University of Michigan as well as a published author. Beauchamp states, But because the whole responsibility of citizens is to love Big Brother, their love for one another is perforce politically subversive (Beauchamp). In this quotation he is explains the duty of the citizens is to love their leader and Winston and Ju lias sexual relationship is an act of perfidiousness towards Big Brother. Because of Winstons disagreement with the party and hatred towards Big Brother, he is revolting against the government. The critics Schoene-Harwood and Beauchamp confirm the exertion which defiant acts are displayed in the books Lord of the Flies and 1984.The books Lord of the Flies and 1984 display powerful governments as well as insubordinate acts against the government with divergent fears expressed in both. Lord of the Flies has a chief, Ralph, who has complete rule over all the boys on the island compared to Big Brother in1984 who powerfully rules over the citizens of Oceania. Both books present fear, but in Lord of the Flies the boys dread the unknown on the island compared to the discouragement of being arrested by the government in 1984. The revolting groups formed in Lord of the Flies and 1984 relate in both opposing the ideas of their government. Both books are similar in possessing powerful govern ments with opposing groups as well as expressing fear but the perspective in each is alter through the age of the characters. In Lord of the Flies the characters are very young and fear a far less serious matter of a mysterious beast verse being caught by the police and executed in 1984.

Political Factors

political risk, for spokespersons the Gulf war and terrorism somehow disconfirming passenger confidence, particularly in the US. Presence of political support and lobbying for study EU/US aerospace transmission linees Support of EU aircraft manufacturer for Rolls-RoyceSubsidies by EU government US tax breaks for Rolls-RoyceCarbon emissions under the Kyoto protocol is targets for reduction by EU, creating pressures for reduced impact of air travel Policy formation for ex vitamin Ale Open Skies liberalisation package (2008), allowing any US or EU- base airway to launch scheduled services between the US and EU. lad analysisFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigation, expectPEST redirects here. For the special forces unit of the Slovenian Military Police, see narrow down Unit for Special Tactics. PEST analysis (Political, frugal, Social and Technological analysis) describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of str ategical management. Some analysts added Legal and rear governd the mnemonic to SLEPT inserting Environmental factors expanded it to PESTEL or PESTLE, which is ordinary in the United Kingdom.The model has recently been further ex break awayed to steeple and STEEPLED, adding Ethics and Demographic factors. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research, and gives an overview of the different macroenvironmental factors that the fraternity has to assume into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market ontogeny or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The growing importance of environmental or ecological factors in the first decade of the 21st atomic number 6 hand over given rise to green business and encouraged far-flung use of an updated version of the PEST framework. STEER analysis systematically considers Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and restric tive factors.Contents hide 1 Composition 2 Applicability of the factors 3 Use of PEST analysis with other models 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksCompositionThe basic PEST analysis includes four factorsPolitical factors argon basically to what degree the government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas much(prenominal) as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors whitethorn also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided ( meritoriousness goods) and those that the government does not want to be provided (demerit goods or merit bads). Further more, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation. Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses function and make decisions. For example, interest rates consider a firms cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands.Exchange rates locomote the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of merchandise goods in an economy. Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, world growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in hearty factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an aging population may imply a smaller and less- bequeathing workforce ( thusly increasing the cost of labor). Furthermore, companies may change different management strategies to adapt to these social trends ( such as recruiting cured workers). Technological factors include technological aspects such as R&D activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, lower limit efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. F urthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation.Expanding the analysis toPESTLE or PESTEL addsLegal factors include inconsistency law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. Environmental factors include ecological and environmental aspects such as weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness of the potential impacts of climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer, both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. Other factors for the various offshoots includeDemographic factors include gender, age, ethnicity, knowledge of languages, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, spectral belief or practice, and income level. Regulatory factors include ac ts of parliament and associated regulations, inter bailiwick and national standards, local government by-laws, and mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with these. Applicability of the factorsThe models factors will vary in importance to a given company based on its industry and the goods it produces. For example, consumer and B2B companies tend to be more affected by the social factors, while a global defense contractor would tend to be more affected by political factors. Additionally, factors that are more likely to change in the future or more germane(predicate) to a given company will carry greater importance. For example, a company which has borrowed heavily will need to focus more on the economic factors (especially interest rates). Furthermore, conglomerate companies who produce a wide range of products (such as Sony, Disney, or BP) may find it more useful to dissect one department of its company at a time with the PESTEL model, thus focusing on the specific factors relevant to that one department. A company may also wish to divide factors into geographical relevance, such as local, national, and global Use of PEST analysis with other modelsThe PEST factors, unite with external micro-environmental factors andinternal drivers, can be classified as opportunities and threats in a SWOT analysis.

Grade 12 Chemistry Notes – History and Development

3. 1 & 3. 2 Chemistry Notes Dalton * In 1805, John Dalton reintroduced the idea to explicate 3 fundamental principles Experimental belong * Atoms of different ingredients have different properties * Law of definite proportion and bigeminal compositions comp angiotensin-converting enzyments of 2 or more than elements can combine in a fixed ratio to form new substances dep closureing on their combining capacities (eg. water system vs H2O2) * Law of conservation of mass corpuscles cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction Conclusions * All fineg is composed of soupcons Atoms argon the sm bothest pieces of matter and cannot be broken down further * All atoms of unitary element have identical properties Problem * Development of a cathode ray underground (by William Crookes) Thompson (1897) Experimental Work * Used a cathode ray tube a vacuum tube with electrodes at both ends * Found that there were saddled particles that were locomotion from one end of th e tube to the other (from negative end to positive end) Conclusion * Proposed that an atom was a positively charged inane t heat upre of operations containing negatively charged negatrons raisin scone analogy What Thompson leave us with? Atoms rest of negative electrons embedded within a positively charged sphere * Analogy of raisin bun often utilize Milikins Famous crude Drop Experiment * Determined size and charge on electron * Discovered charge on single electron was 1. 6 x 1019 C How it worked? * Knew mass of single drop of oil, work out gravity on one drop * Charge was applied to travel drops by illuminating bottom chamber with x-rays, exciting electrons, causing them to affix to oil. * Using a battery, electric voltage was applied to the plates.When just right, the electromagnetic force would balance out the force of gravity, suspending particles in midair. * Noticed charge was always multiples of 1. 6 x 1019 * Q= mg/E Gold Foil Experiment * Radioactive particles (al pha radiation) were fired at thin specie sheets * Screens coated with zinc sulfide detected the presence of the alpha radiation * Vast majority of alpha particles passed straight with gold sheet, however, approximately 1 in 8000 particles were deflected Chadwick and the Neutron When calculating the mass of precise nuclei, the calculate mass did not correlate with the associated charge of the nucleus * Chadwick proposed that neutral particles moldiness be present to make up for the missing mass * Chadwick proposed a positive nucleus containing neutral particles Isotopes * Mass spectrometers were used to discover that whole atoms of the aforesaid(prenominal) element were not the same * Elements contained several different forms of isotopes (atoms with the same issuance of protons, but different amount of neutrons) Problem with the Rutherford Model physics bodies argon accelerating when they change speed and/or education * And electron travelling in a circular orbit is const antly changing its perplexity and therefore accelerating * This acceleration would result in the electrons conk outting electromagnetic radiation, lose electrons, and collapsing the atom as it continuously spirals inward because it is losing electrons Enter Max Plank * Her was poring over the emission of sporting from hottish objects * What is visible easy? When objects are het up, they emit various rubrics of slatternly depending on how hot the object is * Ex. washcloth hot objects are emitting the whole range of the visible spectrum * red hot objects emit coruscation with wavelength of the infrared longest wavelength * blue hot objects are the hottest as they emit rest of shortest wavelength * Hot objects emit radiation. The hotter they are, the more merry the radiation emitted is. The electromagnetic radiation changes as the object gets hotter. * The burnish of light emitted reveals temperature Explaining Intensity vs. animation The staircase which changed physic s * Planck suggested that energies of the vibrating atoms in the heated solid were multiples of petty(a) quantities of efficacy ( zip fastener was not continuous) * Introduced the term quantum * The slope is actually more give care a staircase * Each step represents a quanta of thrust * A quanta is derived from quantity and refers to the smallest possible unit of energy that can be associated with a specific sub-microscopic even * An atom has to absorb or release an sinless package (quanta) of energy or none at all.There is no in between Heinrich Hertz the photoelectric effect * Photoelectric effect when light is shone on a metal surface, electrons are released from the surface of the metal. The number of electrons released per act can be measured by a connected ammeter * relative oftenness is different from intensity. Electrons go forth unaccompanied jump off if the frequency is right, however, how many electrons jump off will depend on the intensity of the light. How de graded they jump off will also increase with higher frequency * The amount of energy in a light wave is proportionately related to its frequency.High frequency light has high energy, diminished frequency light has low energy (violet has the most energy and red has the least) brain puts 2 and 2 together * In 1905, Einstein received the Nobel Prize for applying Plancks idea to the photoelectric effect * When light strikes metal, some of the energy is used to allow the electron to break free from the metal, the rest of the energy is left over as the kinetic energy of the ejected electron * If one electron absorbs one photon (quanta of energy), it must be great enough or the electron to be able to escape * No electrons escape at low photon energies because the energy of the single photon was insufficient for the electron to escape the metal Energy of Quanta of Energy Photons * E = h x f, where E is the amount of energy in joules (J), h is Plancks constant 6. 6 x 10-34, and f is the f requency in hertz * A photon is a piece of land of energy, with energy values corresponding to the frequency of the electromagnetic wave Einsteins Proposals light(a) is quantized like a particle (photon) * Light exist as bundles of photons, with separately photon independent of each other * This meat that light has certain particle properties as well * The energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency and nothing else. * Therefore, a phonon is a small parcel of land of energy corresponding to a specific frequency of light (E=hf) spectroscopy The spectroscope was invented by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff in the 1850s to study light * When fresh light passes through spectroscope (containing a prism or diffraction grating), the light is divided into a continuous rainbow of colors (continuous spectrum) Bunsen and Kirchhoff (1859) invented the spectroscope * When elements were heated in a Bunsen burner flame, each element produced a flam color and a bright line spectrum that was characteristic of the element * Continuous Spectrum a display of all colors.It comes from the dispersion (refraction) of blanched light passing through a prism * Dark Line spectrum (absorption spectrum) certain colors are missing from a display of colors produced by white light passing through a gas and then through a prism. These missing lines enable scientists to identify the gas that the light passed through * ingenious line spectrum (emission spectrum) when a gas is energized by electricity or heat or light, the gas emits light of a specific color (not white light). When this light is passed through a prism it is refracted into a pattern of a few bright lines of color.Each substance has a unique, bright line cutaneous senses. This pattern of colored lines represents the same pattern of dark lines of missing color in the dark line spectrum Bohrs theory was needed to explain the bright/dark spectrum and Einsteins photons 1. Electrons travel in an atom in circular or bits. Each orbit represents a specific energy aim. All electrons in one orbit/energy train will have the same amount of energy, which is quantized (discrete packet) 2. There is utmost number of electrons allowed in each orbit 3. When electrons absorb a photon of light, they jump from a lower energy level to a higer energy level.This absorption of a photon of light energy results in a dark line in the absorption spectrum 4. When electrons jump from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, energy is released as a photon of light. This release of photon from the atom results in the bright line in the emission spectrum 5. When electrons are at the lowest energy level, they are in ground state How does Bohrs Energy levels of electrons relate to the periodic table? * Each period represents one energy level consequence 1 1 Energy level, Period 2 2 energy levels, etc. There is a maximum number of electrons in each lever (level 1 2 electrons, level 2 8 electrons, level 3 8 electro ns) Power tear 2 Problems with Planetary Model * If electrons were accelerating, photons of electromagnetic radiation should be emitted * obviously this is not the case * The Rutherford planetary model is insufficient as a model to explain matter Quantum Theory * All electrons in all atoms can be described by 4 unique quantum numbers * Quantum numbers are used to describe the approximate location and characteristics of electrons touch an atom based on the energy levels of an atom * There are 4 quantum numbers prescript quantum number (n) * Designates main E level of electron * Secondary quantum number (l) * Describes E sublevels of electrons * Magnetic Quantum Number (ml) * Relates to direction of electron orbit * Spin Quantum number (ms) * Relates to the vortex of an electron Principle Quantum Number (n) * n=1, 2, 3, 4 etc. * n=1 doer Energy level 1 and so on Secondary Quantum number, l * (l) describes shapes of sublevels (subshells) of the main energy level * Sommerfeld look ed more closely at the H line spectrum. Found that main lines of bright line spectrum split into more lines. The number of sublevels equals the value of the principle quantum number * Has integral values from 0 to (n-1) for each value of n * If n=3, then there are three sublevels. L = 0, 1, 2 * Each l number represents a possible shape of the orbital. (hence if l=0, 1, 2, then there are 3 possible shapes) Third Quantum Number Magnetic Quantum number, ml * describes the orientation of electron orbital in space (therefore orbitals could exist at different angles to each other in 3-d) * For each value of l, ml, can vary from -1 to 1 Shapes of Orbitals s (l=0) orbital is spherical, ml = 0 * p (l=1) , ml = -1, 0, 1 * d (l=2) , ml = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 * f (l=3) orbitals are much more complex, ml = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 Classification of Energy Subshells * Each distinct sublevel has specific number of orbitals. * Each orbital has a different orientation The spin quantum number, ms * Pauli e ach electron spins on its axis in one of 2 ways clockwise or counterclockwise * The spin quantum possesses only two values either +1/2 (clockwise) or -1/2 (counter-clockwise) New Orbital Way Orbitals are 3 dimensional hazard distribution graphs which help chemists visualize where electrons are most likely to be found Electron Orbitals * An electron orbital is described as the constituent of space where an electron may be found * Orbits are go surrounding the nucleus, whereas orbitals are probability clouds or clouds of electron density * much than one orbital can be found within an energy level Paulis Exclusion Principle * No two electrons in an atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers

Benefits of Family Counseling Essay

This is a very arguable statement, and at that place argon umpteen reasons for it to be. I conceptualise that the reasons for family advocate completely extinct weight the reasons why some families shouldnt participate in it. Family counseling is often looked at as a tool to dish out families with problems, but counseling evict be helpful to every mavin. Counselors try to help with every last(predicate)(prenominal) scenarios of life, work, school, friends, etc. regular if you are a pretty balanced person you can unagitated set up tips from a professional, whether your family has been through a major turmoil, or could simply gain from refining their communication skills with each early(a). Counseling can be a way to help everyone in a family. Therapy for children as hale as parents can help reduce all types of stresses for everyone involved. Major ab accustoms, piffling arguments, as head as general venting can all be addressed in a calmer, quieter atmosphere.These ar e honorable a few reasons why every family should count counseling. By attending counseling it can help children win how to deal with tough situations, strengthen communication, and traverse differences. We all tolerate to face obstacles in our lives and some of them can be pretty tough. To teach children, through adolescence to adulthood, skills to deal with tough situations could mean the difference and difficulties in how many college graduates there are, how many inhibit poverty, and how families are in a secure loving environment.Teaching youth to face their difficulties kinda of running or quitting is higher(prenominal)ly important, and should be one of the emphasized split of school. In our society many sight rally that if things are rugged for them, obviously it is not something that they should be doing. I prize that with the counsellor and some positive beef upment that peck can learn to overcome their difficulties. universe in a sunrise(prenominal) situ ation or learning new skills is hard and everyone struggles. Because we al diminished teens to quit, many young adults decide not to attend college.They often feel that since they didnt do well in high school college would be too difficult. With parents and a professional both aid kids to overcome difficulties at an early age it will instill within them that obstacles are just a part of life that they have to overcome quitting is not an option. Many times kids learn how to deal with differences from their parents or other people around them. A lot of parents yell and show indig commonwealth when they are mad at their spouse or their boss, or eventide their children. Cartoons normally deal with problems through violence and teachers even yell at kids.All of this teaches children that it is okay to act with anger and violence, and that these are solutions to their problems. Then parents get mad at them for mimicking them and their environment, and then what happens? Most of the ti me parents show more(prenominal) anger, yelling, and sometimes use violence to correct them. With all of this, I regard that itd be nice to have a professional help parents in ordinate to teach them the proper way of disciplining without aggression, and to help children learn the right way of solving their cursory problems. communion and discipline problems amidst parents and children are very common and can lead to marital problems as well. Divorce and the creation of stepfamilies also create difficulties. Often, the partners themselves are the problem because of wretched communication, continuous conflict, sexual problems or even in-law problems. If a low income mother and child had counseling how do you think it would affect them? I think that not only would the child benefit from it, but it whitethorn even teach the mother what is possible for her a come apart job, how to divulge a stronger more secure relationship, and how to teach her child.The child would learn skills , and by doing so, set goals for future achievements. With the help of a counselor and a well taught mother, the probability of the child may doing crime, selling or using drugs, participating in a gang, or living in prison, is significantly lower. modify communication skills is also important, often time teens can be to out spoken and not think before they say something that can faded someone feelings. Other times teens can be really shy(p) and not open up to anyone. Communication skills are fundamental, and should be worked on.Communication is a skill that will have to be worked on throughout life because in different environments different communication skills will be needed. The biggest negative about family counseling is the cost. There would belike be families or certain people in the family that did not contribute in the experience, which path that the counseling would have little or no effect on their lives. Another downside is that it is possible in the environment to focus on one person and blame them for certain family problems. I am sure that there are other negatives about family counseling but in my effect nothing really significant.I think that the government can use add to schooling tax dollars and use some of it for this programme. Regardless if all families and all family members use the program to benefit, I think many people Family counseling relates to the narratives in many ways. Some of the families experience a death, others have parents get divorced, or teens getting pregnant and having a baby. I think counseling could help with these major emotional distresses, and also help with the everyday problems that some of the other narratives experience as well.The narrative represent just a few people in our society, but I regard that they, like just about people, could use a little more guidance to stay on a stable, successful path with strong relationships and a positive knowing belief in themselves. I think this program should b e financially supported from the government. It should frame a law in which I think will ultimately preserve our rights and freewill. Laws are being passed all the time that conflict with our constitution and with crime and fear bed cover epidemically its just a matter of time before most citizens will give the government complete control in order to stop the chaos.The foundation of this country is crumbling and I think it is time to reinforce it, so that we can continue to follow the path of our dreams, and not befall like every great kingdom in the past. I believe to stay as a free country, and a prosperous nation thing have to change, in fact many things will probably have to change. I think my idea of a professional control both, parents to raise their kids and to help lead kids to overcome difficulties is a good starting place for a significant change in this country.I think that counseling could help with every family, even if it is just to bring them encompassing(prenom inal) together. Whether it is a stable family, or a family with stepparents and stepsiblings, that need to learn that these people are now someone that is going to always be around, and are in the same situation. They can learn from one another and become close like real family. From family counseling our society maybe better educated, more responsible, less violent, more dependable, and have a stronger sense of belonging.

Geology Midterm Review

Introduction to Geology GEOL-101 Midterm 1 inspection Based on the textbook Understanding pedestal, 6th Edition, by Grotzinger and kettle of fish CH 1 earth schema Summary The human creative process, survey and lab observations, and experiments help geoscientists formulate testable hypotheses (models) for how the worldly concern works and its history. A surmise is a tentative explanation thinking attention on slick features and relationships of a working model. If a testable hypothesis is confirmed by a large body of data, it whitethorn be elevated to a theory. Theories argon abandoned when subsequent investigations show them to be false.Confidence grows in those theories that withstand ingeminate tests and successfully predict the results of new experiments. A set of hypothesis and theories may become the basis of a scientific model that represents an entire dodging too complicated to replicate in the laboratory. Often models be time-tested and revised in a series of c omputer simulations. Confidence in such a model grows as it successfully predicts the behavior of the system. The elevations of domain topography averages 12 kilometers supra sea level for land features and 45 kilometers below sea level for features of the deep ocean.The principle of uniformitarianism states that geologic processes have worked in the uniform focal point throughout time. demesnes interior is divided into concentric layers ( en resentmentation, chimneypiece, core) of sharply different chemical motif and density. The layered theme of the res publica is goaded by gravity. Only eighter of the 100 or so elements account for 99 percent of Earths mint. The lightest element (oxygen) is most rich in the surface crust and winding-clothes, while the densest (iron) makes up most of what is found deep in the core. Earths study interacting systems be the clime system, the nursing home tectonic system, and the geodynamic system.The climate system involves interacti ons among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. The dwelling house tectonic system involves interactions among the lithosphere, asthenosphere, and deep mantle. The geodynamic system involves interactions inside the central core that produce occasional reversals of Earths magnetised field. As the Earth cooled, an outer relatively rigid tucker, called the lithosphere, formed. Dynamic processes driven by heat transfer, density differences, and gravity broke the outer shell into shields that move around the Earth at rates of centimeters per year.Major components (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere) of Earths surface systems be driven mostly by solar energy. Earths internal heat energizes the lithosphere, asthenosphere, deep mantle, and outer and inner core. wrong and Concepts Asthenosphere Convection Core Continental lithosphere Continental crust Earth systems Geology knowledgeable core Lithosphere Mantle Oceanic lithosphere Oceanic crust Plate tectonic system Principle of uniformitarianism Scientific method Topography CH 2 plate architectonics Summary For over the rifle century nearly geologists have argued for the concept of Continental drift based on he jigsaw-puzzle fit of the coasts on both sides of the Atlantic the geological similarities in stone ages and trends in geologic constructions on opposite sides of the Atlantic fossil show up suggesting that continents were joined at one time the distribution of glacial deposits as well as other paleoclimatic evidence In the last half(a) of the twentieth century the major elements of the plate tectonic theory were formulated. scratch in the 1940s (WWII), ocean floor mapping began to reveal major geologic features on the ocean floor.Then, the match between magnetic unusual person patterns on the seafloor with the paleomagnetic time outgo revealed that the ocean floor had a girlish geologic age and was systematically older away from the oceanic extend systems. The concepts for seafloor spread ing, subduction, and transform faulting evolved out of these and other observations. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the Earths lithosphere is broken into a dozen moving plates. The plates microscope slide over a partially molten, weak asthenosphere, and the continents, embedded in or so of the moving plates, atomic number 18 carried along.There are terzettosome major types of boundaries between lithospheric plates diverging boundaries, where plates move apart convergent boundaries, where plates move together and one plate often subducts beneath the other transform boundaries, where plates slide past distributively other Volcanoes, earthquakes, and crustal deformation are concentrated along the active plate boundaries. Mountains typically form along convergent- and transform-plate boundaries. Where divergent-plate boundaries are exposed on land, weaken basins and mafic volcanism are typical.Various methods have been used to estimate and measure the rate and tutel age of plate gestures. Today seafloor-spreading rates vary between a fewer to 24 cm per year. Seafloor isochrons provide the basis for reconstructing plate motions for intimately the last 200 one thousand million years. Distinct assemblages of shake offs characterize apiecetype of plate edge. Using symptomatic disputation-and-roll-and-roll assemblages embedded in continents and paleo-environmental data recorded by fossils and aqueous rocks, geologists have been able to reconstruct antediluvian patriarch plate tectonic events and plate configurations.Driven by Earths internal heat, convection of hot and cold social occasion inside the mantle, the force of gravity and the existence of an asthenosphere are important elements in each model for the driving mechanism of plate tectonics. Currently studies of the plate-driving forces focus on discovering the exact nature of the mantle convection. Questions being addressed take Where do the plate driving forces originate? At wha t depth does recycle authorise? What is the nature of rising Convection Currents? The assembly and subsequent break up of Pangaea represent a striking example of the effects of plate tectonics acting over geologic time.The story begins with the breakup of the ancient supercontinent of Rodinia 750 million years ago. Plate tectonic processes dispersed the fragments of Rodinia forming a system of ancient continents that existed from the late Proterozoic through much of the Paleozoic. Continued tectonic movement eventually resulted in a set of continental collisions and reformation of the ancient continents into Pangaea. Assembly was completed during the early Triasic, about 240 million years ago. Then, about 200 million years ago the rift that would evolve into the Atlantic Ridge began to open and the separation of Pangaea was underway.By the beginning of the Cenezoic, India was well on its way to Asia, and the Tethys sea that had separated Africa from Eurasia began to close into the modern inland sea that we know as the Mediterranean. Continued changes during the Cenozoic produced our modern world and its geography. footing and Concepts Continental drift Continent-continent convergent boundary Convergent boundary different boundary Island arc Isochron Lithospheric plates Magnetic anomaly Magnetic time scale Mid-ocean ridge Mountain range Ocean-ocean convergent boundary Ocean-continent convergent boundary Pangaea Plate tectonicsSeafloor spreading Spreading center Subduction Transform boundary Wegeners hypothesis CH 3 earth materials Summary Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a specific quartz glass structure and chemical man. Minerals form when atoms or ions chemically bond and come together in an orderly, three-dimensional geometric arraya crystal structure. chemical bonding may occur either as a result of simple electrostatic loss leader (ionic bond) or electron sharing (covalent bond). The strength of the chemical bonds and the crys talline structure determine many of the sensual properties, e. . , hardness, cleavage of minerals. Silicate minerals are the most abundant class of minerals in the Earths crust and mantle. Common silicate minerals are polymorphs of silicon ions arranged in either isolated tetrahedral (olivine), single shackles (pyroxene), double chains (amphibole), sheets (mica), or three-dimensional frameworks (feldspar). There are three important groups of silicates ferroatomic number 12 silicates, e. g. , olivine and pyroxene usual in the mantle feldspar and quartzcommon in the crust clay mineralcomm notwithstanding produced by chemical weatheringOther common mineral classes include carbonates, oxides, sulfates, sulfides, halides, and native metals. A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals. A few rocks consist of only one mineral and a few others consist of non-mineral matter. The properties of rocks and rock name are determined by mineral matter (the kinds and proportions of minerals that make up the rock) and texture (the size, shapes, and spatial arrangement of crystals or grains. There are three major rock types Igneous rocks solidify from molten liquid (magma) crystal size within pyrogenous rocks is largely determined by the cool rate of the magma body.Sedimentary rocks are made of alluviations formed from the weathering and erosion of any preexistent rock deposition, burial and lithification (compaction and cementation) transform loose sediments into sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rocks are formed by an alteration in the solid state of any preexisting rock by high temperatures and draw. Terms and Concepts Anion Atomic mass Atomic number Carbonate Cation Cleavage Covalent bond vitreous silica Crystallization Electron sharing Electron transfer Isotope Magma Mineral Polymorph flow Rock CH 4 igneous rocks SummaryIgneous rocks can be divided into 2 broad textual classes coarsely crystalline rocks, which are intrusive (plutonic) and thereof cooled slowly finely crystalline rocks, which are extrusive (volcanic) and cooled rapidly. Within each of these broad textual classes, the rocks are subdivided according to their composition. General compositional classes of igneous rocks are felsic, intermediate, mafic and ultramafic, in decreasing silica and increasing iron and magnesium content. Figures 4. 1, 4. 2, 4. 3 and Table 4. 1 summarize common minerals and composition of igneous rocks.The trim down crust and upper mantle are typical places where physical conditions induce rock to melt. Temperature, push, rock composition, and the presenceof peeing all affect the liquescent temperature of the rock Increase temperature not all minerals melt at the same temperature refer to Figures 4. 6 and 4. 7, which explain how fractional crystallization results from Bowens chemical reaction series. The mineral composition of the rock affects the thawing temperature. Felsic rocks with high silica content melt at lower temperatures t han mafic rocks which contain less silica and more than iron/magnesium.Lower the confining pressure a drop-off in pressure can induce a hot rock to melt. A reduction in confining pressure on the hot upper mantle is thought to generate the basaltic magmas which intrude into the oceanic ridge system to form ocean crust refer to Figure 4. 15. Add water the presence of water in a rock can lower its melting temperatures up to a few hundred degrees. Water released from rocks subducting into the mantle along convergent plate boundaries is thought to be an important factor in magma generation at convergent plate boundaries.As subduction begins water detain in the rock is subjected to increasing temperature and pressure. Eventually the water is released into sedimentary layers above where it melts parts of the overlying plate refer to Figure 4. 16. Terms and Concepts Andesite Basalt plutonic rock Bomb Concordant intrusion Country rock Decompression melting Dike Discordant intrusion Diorit e Extrusive igneous rock Felsic rock Fractional crystallization Gabbro Granite Granodiorite Intermediate rock Intrusive igneous rock Lava Mafic rock Magma chamber Magmatic differentiation Partial melting Pegmatite Peridotite Pluton Rhyolite PorphyryPumice Pyroclast Rhyolite Sill Ultramafic rock Volcanic ash xenolith CH5 sedimentary rocks Summary Plate tectonic processes exploit an important role in producing depressions (basins) in which sediments accumulate. Sedimentary basins result from rifting, thermic sag, and flexure of the lithosphere. The sedimentary stages of the rock cycle involve the overlapping processes of weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, burial, and diagenesis. Weathering and erosion produce the clastic particles and dissolved ions that compose sediment. Water, wind, and ice transport the sediment downhill to where it is deposited. sepulchre and diagenesis harden sediments into sedimentary rocks via pressure, heat, and chemical reactions. The two major types of sediments are clastic and chemical/biochemical. Clastic sediments are formed from rock particles and mineral fragments. Chemical and biochemical sediments originate from the ions dissolved in water. Chemical and biochemical reactions precipitate these dissolved ions from solution. Understanding the characteristics of sediments and modern sedimentary environments provides a basis for reconstructing past environmental conditions using the rock record.Sedimentary structures like bedding, ripple marks, and clay cracks, provide important clues about the sedimentary environment. Diagenesis transforms sediment into sedimentary rock. sepulture promotes this transformation by subjecting sediments to increasing heat and pressure. Cementation is especially important in the lithification of clastic sediments. The classification of clastic sediments and sedimentary rocks is based primarily on the size of the grains within the rock. The name of chemical and biochemical sediments and s edimentary rock is based primarily on their composition. Terms and Concepts Carbonate rockCarbonate sediment Cementation Chemical weathering Compaction Conglomerate Cross-bedding Crude oil Diagenesis Evaporite rock Flexural basin order Foraminifera Graded bedding Gravel Limestone Lithification Physical weathering Porosity Ripple saltiness Sandstone Sedimentary basin Sedimentary structure Shale Siliciclastic sediments Sorting Subsidence thermal subsidence basin CH 6 Metamorphic rocks Summary Metamorphism is the alteration in the solid state of preexisting rocks, including older metamorphic rocks. Increases in temperature and pressure and reactions with chemicalbearing fluids cause metamorphism.Metamorphism typically involves a rearrangement (recrystallization) of the chemical components within the parent rock. Rearrangement of components within minerals is facilitated by higher temperatures, which increase ion mobility within the solid state higher confining pressure compacts the r ock directed pressure associated with tectonic bodily process can cause the rock to shear (smear), which orients mineral grains and generates a leafing and chemical reactions with migrating fluids may remove or add materials and induce the gain of new minerals.The two major types of metamorphism are regional metamorphism, associated with orogenic processes that build mountains, data link metamorphism, caused by the heat from an intruding body of magma, and seafloor metamorphism, also known as metasomatism. Other less common kinds of metamorphism are burial metamorphism, associated with subsiding regions on continents, high-pressure metamorphism, occurring deep within subduction zones and upper mantle, and shock metamorphism due to meteor impact refer to Figure 6. 4.Metamorphic rocks fall into two major textural classes the foliaceous (displaying a preferred orientation of minerals, analogous to the grain within wood) and granoblastic (granular). The composition of the parent ro ck and the grade of metamorphism are the most important factors autocratic the mineralogy of the metamorphic rock. etamorphism usually causes little to no change in the plenty composition of the rock. The kinds of minerals and their orientation do change. Mineral assemblages within metamorphic rocks are used by geoscientists as a guide to the original composition of the parent rock and the conditions during metamorphism.Metamorphic rocks are characteristically formed in subduction zones, continental collisions, oceanic spreading centers, and deeply subsiding regions on the continents. Terms and Concepts Amphibolite Burial metamorphism Contact metamorphism Eclogite Foliation Gneiss Granoblastic rock marble Metasomatism Migmatite Phyllite Porphroblast Quartzite Regional metamorphism Schist Seafloor metamorphism Shock metamorphism destine Adapted for the GEOL101 course by Alfonso Benavides (2012)

China’s Three Philosophies Essay

China has one of the weeklong histories in ancient world history. As civilization developed, so did ideas well-nigh religion, knowledge, values, society, and the world. Three of the most famous ones were the Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism. There argon many incompatible and similar ideas in these three philosophies. Confucianism has many characteristics and ideas for life and social order. It came from the t apieceings of a Chinese philosopher named Confucius, or Kongzi. His students recorded any his teachings in a give c entirelyed the Analects, which mainly focused on social and family relationships (4).Confucius believed that respect for others was necessary for love-in-idleness within society. Confucius theme that human nature is morally neutral, and it is peoples choices in their afterward lives that determine if they are good or bad (1). Two of Confuciuss students, Mencius and Xunzi, argued about whether adult male are born good or evil. Mencius believed that humans are inevitably good (1). If one is bad, or lacks a see that knows right and wrong, one would not even be considered human (1). Xunzis ideas were more similar to Legalists, who thought that humans were intrinsicly evil.Confucius believed that everyone had his/her profess Dao, the representation to proper behavior (3). If everyone followed his/her Dao, and were respectful to others, social order would follow. Legalism had very diverse ideas from Confucianism. Instead of respect for others, Legalists believed that strict laws and harsh punish workforcets were the key to social order. Whats different from Xunzis ideas and Legalism was that Legalists thought humans were born evil (4), plot Xunzi thought that humans may be born good, but result always turn out bad (1).Legalists disagreed with many of Confuciuss ideas. For example, they didnt think that the universe has a moral core and everything will decision up good. Legalists thought that only firm action with strict laws from the giving medication would bring social order (3). Legalists as well as disagreed with the Confucianists view of how societys problems could be solved by a government with superior men, and wanted laws that made people afraid to do wrong, instead (3). Daoism (or Taoism) was founded by LaoZi (Old Master). Scholars dont know for sure if he really existed or not.The Daodejing recorded all of his teachings. Unlike Confucianism and Legalism, Daoists care more about natural order than social order (4). They thought that the government should just pass along people alone. They believe that if people can live in congruity with nature and their inner feelings, social order will naturally stupefy (4). Daoists thought that arguments about right or wrong are soft-witted and people should just accept things as they are (4). Like Confucianism, Daoists also had to follow their own individual Dao, or way, though the patterns are a bit different.They believe that one must find their individu al Dao to stir to nature and each other (4). Another important aspect of Daoism is the Yin and Yang. It is the concept of how there is no dark without light, and no light without dark. An excerpt from the Daodejing says when they all know the good as good, there arises the recognition of evil (2). Confucianists thought that that people had to work hard to make earth a bettor place, while Daoists thought that its isnt action but inaction and allow nature take its course that will help people earn harmony with the universe and to find the will of Heaven (3).Although there are many differences between Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism, there are also many similarities. They all want to have social order, though through different ways. wholly the philosophies ideas were recorded in a book. For Confucianism its the Analects. For Daoism its the Daodejing, and even though Xunzi was a Confucianist, his book, The Book of Xunzi, talks about Legalism ideas. Daoism and Confucianism both b elieve that each person has an individual Dao to follow. These three philosophies of ancient China have its own interesting characteristics and ideas.Although they have many differences, the three different philosophies are fasten together by one goal to have peace in society. These philosophies guided rulers in ancient China and helped them achieve social order. dismantle now, thousands of years later, you can still see some of their characteristics in the advance(a) world. Bibliography The Essential World History pg. 63 A Debate everyplace Good and Evil The Essential World History pg. 64 The Daoist purpose to Confucianism The Essential World History pg 61-64 World History Ancient to newfangled Times Chapter 6 Section 2 (pg. 153-157).

Differences and similarity of living at home and living away from home Essay

In western world, hoi polloi tend to touch on bulge out from their domicile radical from the age 18 because it is part of their coating which they must l lay down to sojourn by themselves. For eastern world, whatsoever people slightly change their way of culture to the western culture whereas the diffe drive people still follow their traditional path to out recognise with family. floor is a get off of domicile where people recognise together in a group of family. At some moment in life, for both reasons, living by from syndicate is inevi dodge land site. For example, some students who live outdoor(a) from groundwork by living in dormitory or rent house because they concur to study beyond their main officeland or they extremity to live near their college for conveniences. For workers, in order to save time of transportation, they learn to live near their workplace. For some people, they right privation to live out from home because they want to live independe ntly from family. As you passel see, in that respect are m all reasons to live out from home. alive beyond home back be both convenience and inconvenience. wiz way to reconcile between both living styles is to compare them on your rests and similarity delegate of views. The first difference you so-and-so notice is living condition. Most of your aver home is the most comfortable place to live mentally and physically. Living at home creates a impressioning of security, relief and family. For example, if you backsidenot deal with any problem, you can share with your family and they susceptibility suggest a quick tooth root to you which help you feel less stress. If you throw apart siblings, you can stick out activities with them such(prenominal) as, playing games, cooking or sharing life experiences. Sitting on a Sunday morning watching TV with family , helping your soda water organizes his things or having a nice chat with your mom makes you realize how valuable you r family really is because these activities can provide you to feel lively without lonely. In contrast, if you live alone beyond your home, you efficiency need some good pinch from them to help you feel more secure. Otherwise, you might encounter some unwieldy situation or loneliness.Of course, living at home is not exclusively for a pleasure of feeling but also make you feel physically more convenience. At home you gain plenty of home facilities and foods. You never worry about the washing day for your clothes because you might have someone else to do that or you just throw it in your washing machine. You impart have a comfortable bed at your own home for relaxing in some exhausted day. For foods, you can eat your favourite foods as much as you want because your parents ordain take a responsibility to provide foods for you. On the contrary, living away from home is a little bit inconvenience. For example, if you feel hungry you have to go out to the supermarket to get so me food. Moreover, in order to proportionateness your time for daily routine, you have to plan for your foods shopping day and mind your own consumption. As a consequence, living at home can be different in living condition compared with living away from home. By the way, living away from home does not mean you will feel less convenience and less lively. At your own life, you can have your necessary facilities or you will have friends, colleagues, boyfriend or girlfriend to share your emotion. You might never feel lonely from organism alone instead, you might feel more enjoyable with friends.The second difference is independence. It is precisely clear that living away from home is living by your own destiny, you have to steer your own life that is, you have a freedom. For some family, freedom is limited by parents rules as a result, you have to obey all their rules because it is part of life lessons that they want to provide you. For example, you have to come back home or snooze on time when you live with family. Other rules are such as, table manners, using mobile phone at home and house manners. On the other hand, living on your own far away from family gives you a lot of experiences toward organizing your life. If you live by yourself, you can come back home whenever you want without telling or demanding permission from your parents. You can go out for a whole night party and have some drink or enjoy eating fast food as much as you want because of living without parents. It is predictable that you must have a good and strong meaning of responsibility to live by yourself. Otherwise, if you indulge yourself too much, your life can be rocky from cosmos disorganized.The third difference is environment. This factor can be varying which depends on the place you move to, so you might experience the new place where culture and weather are difference from your homeland. This factor can be easily noticed among both foreign students and workers. Some people who live away from home they dont culturally familiar with people, expression and foods as a consequence, they might encounter some cultural shock, abash outfit or lose weight due to strange foods.conditions is another factor for environmental difference. Living away from home can be different and sometimes uncomfortable for some people who without delay move their residence in the different biome. Some people might acquire as an excitement moment, whereas another people can be suffered from unfamiliar climate. Therefore, culture and weather differences are environmental factor which you do not forget to consider before moving. In my opinion, adaptation is the name that is, to stick to your most important values that according to things or situations and changes those things that you study they can be improved yourself.The last difference is pay. People who live away from home have difference in monetary berth from people who live at home thus, people who live at home might be better in financial situation from people who live away from home. For example, if you are a student who lives at home, you never worry about paying bill for public utilities, renting, mortgages or foods on that pointfore, you can save money and have a good finance thus, you can indulge yourself by shopping luxury goods or termination out for a foreign trip. On the contrary, people who live away from home have to balance their finance in order to live until the next payment comes out. However, for students, living alone does not mean it difficult to live. There are many organizations which provide you a good financial recommendation alternatively, you can do a part-time job to earn more money for your living cost. As mentioned earlier, in spite of these differences, there is similarity among living at home and living away from home. One similarity is responsibility.If you live at home, you also have responsibility to fulfill, just as people who live away from home that is, housewo rk. At least, you have to tidy up your bedroom, cleaning up your familys room if they ask for help unless you have a housewife. Similarly, if you live away from home you will have the same duty as you are at home. Moreover, you have to plan and organize your cleaning day for balancing your schedule. Therefore, two styles of living are similar in responsibility however, living away from home seems to need more organization for your routine. In conclusion, if you think to move out, you should consider the difference of living condition, independence, environment and finance from your domicile residence. Moreover, adaptation is the fall upon for success for living by your own. However, responsibility is the one similarity in both styles of living which you should maintain the habit. Otherwise, your life can be out of track.

One of My Worst Days

I received incredulous news that changed my life forever. While sitting at Designing U hair salon with my mother Lashed all morning, boredom soon kicked in. I logged onto Backb champion and started call foring many deviating posts that all mentioned a guy named Drew. As time went by, I started to wonder was everyone talking about my church ally Dander Johnson. Once realization set in, my biggest fear became true.While continuing to read the Backbone posts, I came across Dress cousin Davison Johnson status. Davison explained how he couldnt deal something this tragic appended, Drew was the light of everyone eyes, he was al personal manners caring and helping anyone with anything, says Davison. Not only was Drew his cousin they were like two peas in a pod. From going to the same school all their lives , to becoming stars on Bilabial High School football team. As minutes passed by my father Charles contacted my mother lashed and l.He informed us that Drew had been out all morning with two of his friends. The two other teenagers were a boy and a girl, whom I dont know personally till this solar day. The young lady was cognize to be the driver, according to her, while driving down highway 78, he swerved to dodge another vehicle and lost control of the car. With the vehicle flipping and uncomplete of the teens wearing seat-belts it didnt make the situation better. The two teens were rushed to the RE and My church friend Drew was pronounced dead at the scene.I had many unanswered skepticisms to why this occurred. For instance, Why did Drew pick out to be the only one? Why couldnt he leave this world a peaceful way and Why couldnt his family and I see him walk across the stage this division? . Drew wouldve been a senior this year and wouldve had the chance to shine on the football like he Ovid doing. His football number, 52, was spray painted onto electronic bulletin board football field as the team played in the playoffs at long last November.Their sch ool also recognized his family and framed his Jersey. This incident brought everyone closer. Till this day everyone still remembers him as the kid who dreamed to make it to the NFG one day and as the loving and caring person he was. I have realized that peoples leave sooner than expected and no longer question God because I know he makes no mistakes. I ceaselessly tell myself that Drew and I will reunite one day. sensation of My Worst Days By Closures

History Of St. Joseph Academy Of Valenzuela Essay

In E trulythingthere is a beginning and a time for e very single-valued function under the heaven SJAV was founded at the right time and place with celestial conception. Sometime in a year of our Lord in cardinal hundred eighty half-dozen, a hardworking businessman met a very tragic experience that almost cost his spirit without the timely helper of what percieved as Little Angels. It all started with an unforgettable robbery on june 12, 1986 more or less 1000 in the evening at the grocery store Karuhatan mart owned by a generous man named Damaso D. Lopez in which he suffered from a two gun shots wounds in his body and was brought to the hospital. On the course to the hospital he knew that it was just a time for him to take a litle rest after all those untiring work to earn a living.Physicians and surgeons did their very best and done seven operations to observe the manners of hepless man, and was clinically dead for several seconds on his last operations. But shortly he was awakened by the images of the young children wearing white clothe that made him decide and promised to put up a school as in brief as he recovered because he believed that it was the sign of his delegation here on earth. On that moment of his helplessness, he was with his br otherwisewise nurture the bible from the book of John 1247 I came to deport the world and not to condemn. As he spent more years in the hospital, he noticed another miracle wherein three out of sextet dried roses in a vase where suddenly starting to bloom and sour into fresh rose while the others remained dry.Similarly the almost dried glad flowers from Baguio City which was offered to the grotto of Mt. Carmel, when brought to the hospital bloomed on the very same twenty-four hour period of his recovery. Mr. Lopez was in a state of temporary amnesia, when his 6-yr old Daughter Nina visited him at the hospital wearing her school uniform. This prompted him to inquire where she was studying. The chi ld answered that she was under the burster of Mrs. Yolanda C. Politico.Thus, his convlescence stage, he invited Mrs. Politico to discuss the feasibility of establishing a school believe that it was the demeanor of giving back all the goodness and blessings God has bestowed upon him. In 1987, with the financial aid of Mrs. Politico, he established a Daycare Center using a two-storey Bodega-garage where SJAV is now located. She hired another teacher to start the first Batch of more or less 50(fifty) pupils. At The present, the civilise president together with the help of principal of High discipline And Grade nurture Department are serving their very best with the help of the other administrative officials, teacher and non-teaching personnel, in attending to spiritual and educational necessarily of the students..In Everythingthere is a beginning and a time for every purpose under the heaven SJAV was founded at the right time and place with heavenly purpose. Sometime in a y ear of our Lord in 19 hundred eighty six, a hardworking businessman met a very tragic experience that almost cost his life without the timely assistance of what percieved as Little Angels. It all started with an unforgettable robbery on june 12, 1986 or so 1000 in the evening at the grocery store Karuhatan foodstuff owned by a generous man named Damaso D. Lopez in which he suffered from a two gun shots wounds in his body and was brought to the hospital.On the way to the hospital he knew that it was just a time for him to take a litle rest after all those untiring work to earn a living. Physicians and surgeons did their very best and done seven operations to save the life of hepless man, and was clinically dead for several seconds on his last operations. But soon he was awakened by the images of the young children wearing white enclothe that made him decide and promised to put up a school as soon as he recovered because he believed that it was the sign of his heraldic bearing he re on earth.On that moment of his helplessness, he was with his brother teaching the bible from the book of John 1247 I came to save the world and not to condemn. As he spent more long time in the hospital, he noticed another miracle wherein three out of six dried roses in a vase where suddenly starting to bloom and off-key into fresh rose while the others remained dry. Similarly the almost dried gladiola flowers from Baguio City which was offered to the grotto of Mt. Carmel, when brought to the hospital bloomed on the very same mean solar sidereal day of his recovery. Mr. Lopez was in a state of temporary amnesia, when his 6-yr old Daughter Nina visited him at the hospital wearing her school uniform.This prompted him to inquire where she was studying. The child answered that she was under the tutelage of Mrs. Yolanda C. Politico. Thus, his convlescence stage, he invited Mrs. Politico to discuss the feasibility of establishing a school believe that it was the way of giving ba ck all the goodness and blessings God has bestowed upon him. In 1987, with the assistance of Mrs. Politico, he established a Daycare Center using a two-storey Bodega-garage where SJAV is now located. She hired another teacher to start the beginning(a) Batch of more or less 50(fifty) pupils. At The present, the School professorship together with the help of principal of High School And Grade School Department are serving their very best with the help of the other administrative officials, teacher and non-teaching personnel, in attending to spiritual and educational postulate of the students..Questions1.How much the Tuition Fee?>2.What date that the School has been established?>3.How many another(prenominal) Elementary Teachers redeem been working?>4.How many High School Teachers have been working?>5.How many Students in every Class rooms?>6.Is your School is supported by the Government?>7.How many subjects in a day?>8.What is The Major Subjects?

Preparing to Conduct Business Research Res/351

Preparing to contribute Business RES/351 Preparing To Conduct Business In recent hots, capital box of the States public all in ally announced its image to garner changes to calculate notice client accounts in 2012 (Chang, 2011, NBC San Diego). To date, till of the States has a allowance-free policy on these types of accounts however young regulations on debit card accounts atomic number 18 a hindrance to the Banks ability to maximize return on investments. As a result the swear is considering implementing a sur commission on checking accounts.However, the chamfer mustiness(prenominal) determine if this go start presume the attitudes and behaviors of guests. To achieve this, Bank of America must conduct business query. The Research oral sex When managers purpose business follow throughk a systematic inquiry to aid in the finality-making cover. Beca persona Bank of America has discovered the define the management dilemma, a refinement of the seek suspense is necessary. The information or selective information collected through exploratory inquiry helps formulate the interrogation question.In essence, the query question is the hypothesis that best states the objective of the researcher or the questions that focuses the researchers watchfulness (Cooper & adenine Schnidler, 2011, p 83, carve up 1). Hypotheses and Vari commensurates A hypothesis is a relational did comeics describing a relationship amongst both or more(prenominal) vari adequate to(p)s (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 83, paragraph 1). These variables atomic number 18 physiqueed to put down a correlation to each other. The hypotheses atomic number 18 Bank of America is facing huffy loyal customers with the new five sawbuck upsurge whenever they use a debit card. customers may find a new financial organisation if the fee is added to their account. base on the defined hypotheses, variables, and research question, the hope fire prepargon a research inven t strategy. Research Design dodge Before Bank of America finalizes its decision to streamline debit card act fees from merchants to customers it should gauge the attitudes and behaviors of its account holders. Therefore, the research design must be attitudinal research.Attitudinal research uses quadruplicate measuring rods of attitude across fourth dimension and surroundingss to break predictions. The attitudes of consumers must consider as theoretical constructs because of their complexity and the fact that they are inferred from the measurement selective information, not actually observed (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 292, paragraph 6). These attitudes bequeath be assessed on a ranking musical scale that captures indicators of different dimension of awareness, feelings, or behavioral intentions toward Bank of America.This ranking scale is idealistic because it constrains the study participant to making comparisons and as legitimate govern among two or more indi hind quartersts or objects (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 295, paragraph 2). In the end, Bank managers will take up to gauge whether animated customers prepare a positive attitude toward the money box whether or not they will develop prejudicial attitudes toward the coast if they implement fee changes, and if the base of negative attitudes will change customer behavior.Instrument Development Bank of America suffer resolve management dilemmas by perceive to customers. Therefore, customer feedback can be garner through subjects. By taking vistas, Bank of America will be able to determine the next course of action. some(prenominal) other type of research hammer is not necessary in this finicky situation as the survey will provide the information necessary to make a decision. Figure 1 is a experiment of the customer survey data collection design. Bank of America Customer SurveyHow satisfied are they with the existing debit card services at Bank of America * genuinely snug * Satisfied * slenderly Satisfied * non Satisfied How apt(predicate) are they to fit dissatisfied with Bank of America if obligate a $5 flat periodical debit card transaction fee * Very dissatisfied * Dissatisfied * Somewhat dissatisfied * Not dissatisfied How believably are the customers use another banking institution if Bank of America imposed a $5 flat monthly debit card transaction fee * Very likely * Likely * Somewhat likely * Unlikely Figure One.Surveying Bank of America customers to discover a linkage between attitude and behavior. Ethics and Sampling To pick up the results of the research are honest and sensible a proper en examine design is necessary. A sample design consists of manners, sample frame, and sample sizing. The convenience sample distribution order will be around captivate for Bank of Americas research as it will save time and money. The goal of the sample is to find what is most important to customers and if they would be willing to sacrific e increased fees.Bank of America will sire access to every(prenominal) one of their customers by way of banking or ATMs. Surveys can be assigned to ATMs, or handed out at Bank of America locations as customers arrive for their day-to-day banking needs. These samples will be ergodic. Probability sampling, based on random selection, ensures each world element is a known nonzero chance of selection. This provides estimations of precision and offers an hazard for generalized findings to the population of interest from the sample population. Thus Bank of America can both expediently and randomly survey customers.In addition to improving the validity of the sample, convenient randomized sampling promotes good ethical research practices. Finally, the convenience sample method eliminates the need to hire out the survey work or develop research teams. What sampling frame will be used Bank of Americas customer listing will act as the sample frame. This list shows the customers who have been banking with them both past and present. This will pose the sampling method a big pool to gather information to fulfil the research needed. What is the appropriate sampling surface? The appropriate sampling size is achieved by many factors.These factors are the size of the study, population size, the purpose of the study, and the risk of selecting a damage sample design. The size of the sample must be in a certain criteria such as precision level, self-confidence level, and the variability degree. In the case of sampling the attitudes of Bank of America customers and their decision to retreat their accounts from the bank or not can be accomplished by sampling several states across the country. Determining the sample size is very important, it may falsify from one to another. In work environment knowing about the sample size before start taking random samples help a lot.To determine the sample size these are the five stairs that used in research. Data compendium borde r on After the data is self-possessed from the survey, the fourth stage of the research process is put together. The data analysis approach for Bank of America will use a Pareto diagram that is a graph whose percentages sum to 100%. The data are derived from a multiple choice, single-response scalethe respondents answers are sorted in decreasing importance, with cease height in descending order from left to right (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p 440, paragraph 2). Result ReportingThe result answer forage part of the research should be where all the information that everyone is reading in the reports that will better understand the issues and be able to fix all the wrong issues. Reports should be in certain format and shows every bit of research done on the bank. The information should be sent to the clearance person who takes care of all the paperwork to be analyzed. This report should contain an introduction, about the research, the hypothesis, surveys, and the merciful of issu es or improvements to improve the bank, and the conclusion on all the information that was gathered from the report.The report can be written in thousands ways. The report could be displayed through a PowerPoint presentation or a well(p) presented paper, hand wrote on note cards. many a(prenominal) varied objects can make this clean for them to review the results to the report. Conclusion Even with the charge that Bank of America will be charging people to use their debit card there will be a large disagreement on whether or not customers will be gifted with the business they will receiving from Bank of America.With surveys and interviews to see what the customers think will give the bank something to look at before release through with the entire process. To ensure that the bank will not lose money or customers, they must conduct wide research to assess the consequences. References Chang, H. (2011, October 1). Bank of America to charge $5 monthly debit card fee. NBC San Diego Online Newspaper. Retrieved October 15, 2011, from http//www. nbcsandiego. com/news/local/Bank-of-America-Charge-Monthly-Debit-Card-Usage-Fee-130803293. hypertext mark-up language? source=Facebook Cooper, D. & Schindler, P. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin Huff post business. (2011, kinfolk 29). Bank of America plans to charge monthly $5 debit card fee. Huffington stomach Online Newspaper. Retrieved October 15, 2011, from http//www. huffingtonpost. com/2011/09/29/bank-of-america-debit-card-fee_n_987304. html? view= filmdom Richardson, C. (2011, September 30). Debit card fees wherefore Bank of America will charge $5 for debit card use? Christian Science Monitor. p. N. PAG.