Privacy of Personal Information on the Internet Essay -- French France

Privacy of Personal Information on the meshwork fall in States PolicyLiving in the United States has its advantages. We are afforded many opportunities that are unavailable or unheard of in other countries. We maintain a particular(a) right to privacy in the areas of education, marriage, procreation, contraception etc. In certain instances, government officials are allowed to watch, listen, search and/or seize a persons personal reading. Warrants are usually needed in order to gain this type of information. The Bill of Rights states the provisions to our right of privacy. The Fourth Amendment is the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched.French state PolicyThe right to privacy is implicit to the French Constitution. The French Repub lic has had many acts regarding the privacy issues of its citizens. The growing popularity of the Internet has made it necessary to include the Internet in these acts. In 1994, the Constitutional Court ruled that the information Protection ActIn 1978 a Data Protection Act was brought into law to cherish personal information of private parties and government agencies. Registration and permissions were needed in order to process personal data. Individual parties had the right to access, demand corrections and sometimes deletion about the information being kept on them. Violators of this act faced imprisonment and/or fines. Modifications to ActIn 2003, revisions began to be made of the Data Protection Act. The new law would increase ... ...he portal that hosted the racial sites, the plaintiff was able to single out one French Citizen who also hosted the site. It is like plectrum a needle out of the hay sack. Which in this case didnt seem to be that hard. Sources1 Cedric Laurant, E lectronic Privacy information Center, 2003,2 Cedric Laurant, Electronic Privacy information Center, 2003,3 Richard A. Spinello, CyberEthics Morality and Law in Cyberspace Second Edition (Massachusetts Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2003) 85.4 Sara Baase, A Gift of Fire Second Edition (New Jersey Pearson Education, Inc., 2003) 36-80, 141-186.5 Steve McConnell, Software befuddle Survival Guide (Washington Microsoft Press, 1998) 8.

King Philip Essay -- essays research papers fc

king Philips War was a disturbing war fought in America in 1675, almost certainly as a result of the early contact between the English Colonists and the Native Americans. The Natives were, and had always been fighting for their liberty and land, as well as their culture unharmed. Though the Natives had their own religious beliefs, the Colonists felt that they were the greater man, and that God would play a part by be on their side. The Natives did not trust the English with their multiple cheated promises and such, and it was only expected that the Natives would not believe in the English. There is no one established movement for this war, like many wars, but it is only probable that it be a result of the many differences between the Native way of life, and the English way. The Wampanoag Indians were a family line that settled in the area of current day Rhode Island and Massachusetts. It is estimated that the number of tribe members was somewhere over ten thousand before the En glish arrived and brought along unsoundness and disease that the Natives were not accustomed to. By around 1675 it is imagined that the Wampanoag population plummeted to around only one thousand members. At first, the Wampanoag were accepting of the English because there appeared to be no immediate threat of endangerment of the Natives. The Natives actually became appreciative and dependent on the English in a sense, because they had been introduced to the various types of food, clothing, and most importantly, weapons. Massasoit, the Chief of the Wampanoag Indians at the time, write a treaty of peace with the English that promised not to give up their land to anybody without the knowledge and consent of the Plymouth government first. It wasnt until 1630 when the situation reversed with the increase amount of settlers moving to The Massachusetts Bay Colony known as The Great Migration, that the Natives became angered. The new settlers, the Puritans, were in desperate need of land a nd would do anything to astonish it. They wiped the Pequoit Indians out in the Pequoit War of 1637, and other than those who chose to convert to the Puritan religion and way of life, the Pequoit had vanished. Many of the Indian tribes were in trouble with the threat of loss of land, as well as loss of lives. It was time to strike back and defend what was theirs. After Massasoit had passed on, Alexander would... ...sold into slavery in the West Indies, while others faced disease, cultural disruption, and the loss of their lands. Works CitedBodge, George. Soldiers in King Philips War. NEHG Register many vols 1886-1887. Bourne, Russell. The Red Kings Rebellion. Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.Church, Benjamin. Diary of King Philips War, 1675-76. Chester, Conn. Published for The Little Compton historic Society by Pequot Press, 1975.Leach, Douglas. Flintlock and Tomahawk. Parnassus Imprints Inc., Hyannis, Massachusetts, 1995.Lepore, Jill. The Name of War King Philips War and the Origins of American Identity. New York Knopf, 1998.Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Rowlandson. New England Chronology NEHG Register vol 7 October 1853.Schultz, Eric B. King Philips War The History and Legacy of Americas Forgotten Conflict. Woodstock, Vt. Countryman Press New York Distributed by W.W. Norton, c1999.Shroeder, Betty. The True Lineage of King Philip (Sachem Metacomb). NEHG Register vol 144 July 1990. Webb, Stephen Saunders. 1676, The End of American Independence. New York Knopf, 1984.

Experience is knowledge :: essays research papers

Option 1 Write an essay with the theme of your first quotationA world should never be mortified to own he has been in the wrong, which is by saying, in other words, that he is wiser forthwith than he was yesterday. - Alexander Pope (1688-1744) flummox is KnowledgeMany regrets may burden angiotensin converting enzymes mind throughout their life. This is a totally normal part of ones life that one may imbibe no control over. A man should never be ashamed to own he has been in the wrong, which is by saying, in other words, that he is wiser today than he was yesterday. - Alexander Pope (1688-1744) It is important that one entrust learn from their mistakes and take out a valuable lesson learned through their actions. The world does non stop for your sake, it simply keeps going and does not put into consideration that the day did not go accordingly to plans. It is perfectly normal for one to feel header or doubt of a certain action performed. Anyone that is human would have this reaction to something that was a difficult decision to make. As many will bewilder to see, life was not equipped with a pause button to put everything on hold so life as we know it can be put back into order. So many little things happen everyday, if a person would let all of these things get under their skin, life would be founder known as hell. The best advice one could use would be to learn from the mistakes made, and become wiser with each one made. Should mistakes be looked at as something to be ashamed of? Being a human, mistake are inevitable. There is no such thing as someone who has not ever questioned an action performed or a decision made. Humans are given a conscious, this is strictly for making decisions. It helps one makes decisions by questioning everything. By doing this, uncertainty is not out of the question. rail at choices, and bad actions are not something one should ever be ashamed of. Wrong choices, and bad actions that are performed more then once are some thing one should be ashamed of. Wisdom comes with experience, engorging oneself in many opportunities comes with its mistakes. If one can comes out of a bad experience with some sort of knowledge that will help them, or teach them anything, it was not something to be ashamed of.

Walmart Essay -- essays research papers

By exploiting plaza competencies firms can develop value creating strategies which ar superior to their competitors. Wal-Mart argon experts at using there core competencies to become superior to their competitors. There are three resources which allow a company to create a core competency. Tangible resources consist of assets that can be seen, financial resources (borrowing capacity), physical resources, organizational structure and technology. Wal-Mart is a huge and very powerful company and therefore practice sessions its power of lending to become a core competency. Intangible resources are characterized by human resources, resource for innovation, and reputation. This category is where Wal-Mart excels against all its competitors. Knowledge, training and corporate culture feature by employees may be one of the most significant sources of core competencies and competitive advantages throughout the business world. This is due to being very hard to written matter or substitute for. Brand equity consists of brand name and maintaining brand equity. Wal-Mart are masters at using this resource as an advantage over their competitor areWal-Marts emphasis is on its image of everyday low prices and high quality goods when marketing. Wal-Mart uses many different channels when marketing itself. It uses television, radio, monthly circulars, hebdomadally newspapers and many more channels. Each one of these channels can be used in an unique way to emphasize Wal-Marts position of marketing quality products at low prices. Radio usually grabs the audiences attention by promoting products which are experiencing high demand. Both of these channels are make stronger by the use of newspapers adverts and monthly circulars. In these marketing channels deeply discounted items are highlighted to the potential competitors and these items help lure the customers into the stores. The idea of having quality for less is a good marketing plan because it gets people into the store. It also offers a competitive advantage over the competitors because they can not financially match Wal-Mart prices. This is due to Wal-Mart having let out use of financial resources, technology and physical resources.By censoring some products Wal-Mart are trying to market themselves as a company with good values. They use this to attract families. Unfortunately this plan has negative and positive effects. A negative effect is the ef... ...eakness have been stated as an air of complacency or a loss of presentation and marketing in the stores. As a most firms grow they encounter problems with staying in the right direction. Wal-Mart must address this problem to expand to grow. Price deflation has been poorly by Wal-Mart and other retailers. aiming to obtain sales increases, companies have bought more merchandise units of products that are experiencing price deflation, without allowing for the inelasticity of demand for most basic products (lll). basically this has reduced in mark downs which have resulted in reduced sales and gross margins.IFE MatrixThe Internal factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix is used to summarize and prise the major strengths and weaknesses in the functional area of business. It also provides a basis for identifying and evaluating relationships between these areas. A weight is assigned to each factor with 0.0 being inessential and 1.0 being all important. A rating is then assigned with 1 being minor weakness and 4 being a strength. Both of these are then multiplied together to get a weighted score. The closer the overall weighted score is to 4 the stronger the firm is. The average is 2.5.

Art as Reflection of Anciant Civilization :: essays papers

Ancient Egytian and Greek sociaties both made significant contri exclusivelyions to western civilization, specificaly in the areas of politics and social structure. The political system of antient Egypt was in general based on the religios belife that the Pharoah was a divine entity, while Greek politics were based in a democratic system that valued individuals in a unique way. The poitical and social advancments of both Greek and Egyption civilizations are best reflected in the advancement of each cultures artwork. In the early kingdom of the Egyption civilization the Pharoah rulled as a God-King and dictated the religion and laws of the land. He promoted a polytheistic religion that was used to explain natural phinaminans and life after death. Accourding to this religion all(prenominal) Egyptions not further the ruling class were offered the hope of survival in the next world, as a reward for a good life in the present world. The supposition of a good life is defined by th e devotees accomplisments in the eyes of Osiris the judge of the dead. Funeral services were divised to exeplify these belifes and help to guid the spirit of the dead into the afterlife (Cunningham and Reich, 6). The ridged structure of this Thocracy greatly limited individualism in all aspect of life, but most importantly art.The art of the Early kingdom was prodominetly bassed on the god of the Pharoh, and his statuse in sociaty. The most famuse example of the Theocracies influance on art would be the Great Spinx and the Pyramids of Chefren. These emence works of art were created to show the importance and divine power of the Pharoah, as surface as, to serve as a burial tomb. The Sphix itself is sculped with great percisian and close attension was paid to the basic anatimy of the human face, but the fetures of the Pharoah are idialize. It is a portiat not of an individual but of the concept of divinity (Cunningham and Reich, 9). The lion body, falcon headdress and transe ndental stare of the Sphinx shows a certain calmness and mystery, that encapsalates the ideal perfection of the ideal perfection of the Pharoah.In the oculus Kindom Akhenaton came to power and changed the religius structure of Egypt. He belived in a monotheistic system that placed all faith in one God, Aton-Ra. Akhenaton did not dipict himself as an all powerfull God-King, but a messenger through which Aton-Ra spoke (qtd.

Art as Reflection of Anciant Civilization :: essays papers

Ancient Egytian and Greek sociaties both made significant contributions to western civilization, specificaly in the areas of politics and societal structure. The political frame of antient Egypt was primarily based on the religios be biography that the Pharoah was a presage entity, while Greek politics were based in a democratic system that valued individuals in a unique way. The poitical and social advancments of both Greek and Egyption civilizations are best reflected in the advancement of each cultures artwork. In the early demesne of the Egyption civilization the Pharoah rulled as a God-King and dictated the pietism and laws of the land. He promoted a polytheistic religion that was used to explain natural phinaminans and life after death. Accourding to this religion all Egyptions not only the ruling class were offered the hope of survival in the next world, as a reward for a good life in the present world. The idea of a good life is defined by the devotees accomplisment s in the eyes of Osiris the judge of the dead. Funeral services were divised to exeplify these belifes and help to guid the biography of the dead into the afterlife (Cunningham and Reich, 6). The ridged structure of this Thocracy greatly limited individualism in all aspect of life, but most importantly art.The art of the early kingdom was prodominetly bassed on the divinity of the Pharoh, and his statuse in sociaty. The most famuse example of the Theocracies influance on art would be the Great Spinx and the Pyramids of Chefren. These emence works of art were created to show the importance and divine power of the Pharoah, as well as, to serve as a burial tomb. The Sphix itself is sculped with great percisian and close attension was paid to the basic anatimy of the human face, but the fetures of the Pharoah are idialize. It is a portiat not of an individual but of the concept of divinity (Cunningham and Reich, 9). The lion body, falcon headdress and transendental stare of the Sphinx shows a certain calmness and mystery, that encapsalates the precedent perfection of the ideal perfection of the Pharoah.In the Middle Kindom Akhenaton came to power and changed the religius structure of Egypt. He belived in a monotheistic system that placed all faith in ace God, Aton-Ra. Akhenaton did not dipict himself as an all powerfull God-King, but a messenger through which Aton-Ra spoke (qtd.

Taliban/Osama Movie

J. Galloway, T. Lockett, M. Franklin Dr. Newson-Horst Humanities 301 March 7, 2013 Taliban/Osama The Taliban are a large Sunni Islamist throng of men who rule in Afghanistan. The Taliban presence in Afghanistan was densest in 1996 on through 2001. The Taliban presence/force declined in 2001 with the invasion of the U. S. military in The Middle East after the September 11 attacks. The Taliban began as a distinct group who fought alongside other mujahedeen groups during the Cold War against the Soviet Union.In the early to late 1980s the Cold War allowed the Taliban to rise to power. The Taliban group was set apart from other mujahedeen groups because of their focus on the learning and teaching of the Islamic faith alongside actual fighting. The hit Osama written by Siddiq Barmak, provides an accurate depiction of the Taliban in Afghanistan by its in depth portrayal of the Talibans religious values, control, and acts of violence. The religious values of the Taliban are what form them as a group.Anyone who wished to fight on the Taliban front would have to comply with their strict routine of prayer and study which filled their lives when they were not fighting. In the film viewers whitethorn perhaps gain this interpretation as they watched the young boys hauled off to a Taliban ran school where they prayed and studied the Quran in several scenes. The Taliban follow the Islamic faith truly strictly sticking to traditional views and values especially towards women. The women under Taliban control cannot work, wear what they please, or come and go as they please.The religious values knowing and taught by the Taliban takes a huge toll on the everyday lives of the people who are succumbed to that way of life. The Taliban has a substantial amount of control in Afghanistan with liv percent of the control being permanent. Taliban ruled areas are doomed with laws and constant terror. The women are harassed and forced to wear burkas at all times. In the film a member o f the Taliban warns a husband to make his wife cover her feet in fear of other men being aroused by her feet.The Taliban in Afghanistan gain finances through drug trafficking, kidnapping, and foreign donations. Private citizens from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Iran, and some Persian Gulf nations are the largest contributors to the donations of the Taliban group in Afghanistan. The group was brandmark by controlling women to wear burkas, banning television, and jailing men whose beards were deemed too short. These controlling antics are depicted throughout the film. The violent nature of the Taliban is heavily present in the film Osama.In one scene women were protesting for the right to work to provide for their families. The Taliban blasted these women and their children with water and sprayed bullets into the crowd. Several protesting women were jailed for their participation. The Taliban also participates in kidnapping as a means of financial gain. They commit high profile kidnapping s for ransom to fund their terror. Finally, the Taliban has its own judicial system where many people have their lives taking outside for random acts of resistance against Taliban law.In the film one can see an American reporter sentenced to death for recording the Taliban. The Taliban conduct live stoning to death with its members and crowd. In conclusion, the Talibans large presence in Afghanistan has been in place for a very long time. The lifestyle of Middle Eastern women, men, and children are shaped around the rule of the Taliban. The Taliban parade the streets and cause terror in the lives of its people. The film Osama aided with the understanding of the Taliban rule.Viewers gain a first-hand interpretation of the hardships faced under Taliban rule and how tough it is to uphold as a family. Citations Ansari, Fahad. Understanding the Taliban Movement. Harakah Daily/en H 1434 (2013) n. pag. 06 Mar. 2013. Web. Bajoria, Jayshree. Council on Foreign Relations. Backgrounder (n. d. ) n. pag. Council on Foreign Relations. 06 Oct. 2011. Web. 05 Mar. 2013. Fremson, Ruth. Taliban (n. d. ) n. pag. Nytimes. com. The New York Times, 10 Oct. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2013. .

McDonald’s Chain Essay

One of the largest unbendable- fodder chains in the world, McDonalds, is an Olympic sponsor. This has caused much contr everyplacesy in the UK, where health problems caused by fleshiness are on the increase. Discuss.Nowadays, with rapidly global economic development, a wealth of pabulum corporations are expanding their businesses. An increasing number of closely-food chains have had a marked effect on the way we live. Fast-food is very popular in modern life, because it caters for our ready-paced lives. However, many studies claim that fast-food is associated with obesity (The Health of The Nation,1992,P21 ). This essay will analyse the advantages and disadvantages of fast-food and in the side by side(p) essay I will discuss the relationship betwixt obesity and fast-food.In the first place, we should define the term obesity. Obesity is described by the worldly concern Health Organization(WHO) as a complaint in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that heal th may be adversely affected. (Ewles.L,cc5, P80) Throughout the world, obesity has been increasing at an unprecedented rate. This is true not only for industrialized societies, but also for development countries. (Barnett.A.H and Kumar.S ,2008,P3) In 1995, there were an estimated 200 million obese adults worldwide and another 18 million under-five children classified as overweight . As of 2000, the number of obese adults has sharply increased to over 300 million. In developing countries, it is estimated over 115 million people suffer from obesity- relate problems. Indeed, the rate of obesity has been exploded in last 20 years. (Ewles.L,2005, P80) Today, it is judge that obesity is ace of the biggest threats to public health.Fast food such as hamburgers and hot dogs are often high in sugar, salt, cholesterol and trans fats. The intake of these elements give the axe lead to marked obesity. The support from the national study, compared to the days before fast food, energy spending was over 187 kcal per meal when an adult consumption of fast food . (Larsson.B, 1981 ,P97).Based on national study, more and more people are realizing there is a connection between fast foodand obesity. There are studies which ratify this idea.Obesity is a major contributor to the jeopardy of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. In the Nurses Health Study, (Larsson.B,1981 P97-P116) the risk of developing diabetes increased five-fold in obese women with BMI 25kg/m2 compared with others women who have standard of body weight . In the same study, the risk of developing CHD increased 3.3-fold with BMI29kg /m and 1.8 fold between 25 and 29kg/m2 compared to those women with BMI21kg/m2 . The result shows that each kilogram of weight gained from 18 years old was associated with 3.1 times higher risk of heart disease risks. From those figures. It appears that obesity is one of the significant factors of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.There is also an important association between obesity and high blood pressure. In the Swedish Obesity Study, (Barnett.A.H and Kumar.S ,2008,P154) hypertension was present at base line in approximately one-half of subjects. The study involving 1000 men and women showed that a 10kg increase in weight was related to 3mmHg rise in systolic and 2.3 mmHg rise in diastolic blood pressure. However, this extent also can increase 12% risk of hypertension by high blood pressure. From this study, we can see clearly the relationship between the weight and data of blood pressure. When the weight is above normal, the weight gain and the risk of hypertension is in proportion. So, weight loss can help obese people reduce the risk of high blood pressure.Fast food is a main factor in childhood obesity. According to a national study, (Barnett.A.H and Kumar.S ,2008,P107) there is a positive correlativity between childhood obesity and the consumption of fast food. For example in the late 1970s, fast food accounted for 2 per cent of total energy intake in children in the USA. Since the 1990s, the proportion of fast food consumption has increased five-fold. At the same time the percentage of overweight American children increased from 5% to 15%. In fact , fast food outlets have been growing sharply since the 1990s .The negative effects of fast food consumption on children is increasing. Fast food have a lot of unhealthy ingredients, including carbohydrates, fats and non-starchy vegetables, (Barnett.A.H and Kumar.S ,2008,P226) those elements has been linked to weight gain.In addition, approximately 20% 30% of obese children appear to be at risk of the same complications of obesity as obese adults. (Barnett.A.H and Kumar.S ,2008,P227) Childhood obesity is becoming a public health crisis. However, there are some advantages in fast food. First of totally , the some obvious advantage is quite convenient. in contemporary society as people have no time to prepare their food. Work occupies most of our time, we need to squeeze more time fo r work. So fast food becomes an ideal choice for modern people. The reasons are not only fast food can eliminate the time spent on cooking, but it also tastes delicious, some of young people particularly are addicted to the flavour of fast food. Moreover, the lower price of fast food attractes people. A further advantage is that fast food outlets usually have a clean and comfortable environments .In conclusion, although there are many reasons for the causes of obesity ,one of the main reasons for obesity is the consumption of fast food too much. As mentioned above, there is a positive correlation between obesity and many diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. It is cannot to be ignored that fast food is the biggest cause of obesity in children. Fast food will bring a large quantity of health problems.ReferencesBarnett. A.H and Kumar S.(2008) 2nd Ed .Obesity and diabetes. pub. Wiley-Blackwell Oxford .UK.Ewles. L.(2005) Ed. Key topics in public health nativ e briefings on prevention and health promotion. pub. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. UKLarsson. B. (1981) The health consequences of obesity, International journal of Obesity.pub. Oxford University Press . UK.The Health of The Nation (1992) Key Area Handbook Coronary heart disease and stroke .pub. Nation white paper. UK.

Reaction Paper: Teddy Stellard

The story about the life of Teddy Stellar and his teacher Miss Thompson had a strong impact on each and everyones heart. It had moved(p) my heart because I wasnt expecting that a unanalyzable help from one person can build up the future of a child like Teddy. It had beginner not only my mind but also my heart on how to deal with other people and how I should try to understand someones past forrader judge them.The initial reaction of Miss Thompson to Teddy was disappointment which had caused her to become curious about the childs background, and this simple curiosity had led her to become someone she neer thought she were. As she continue to help the child, she had not noticed that the more she helped and encouraged him, the more she became a better teacher. It was an advantage for twain of them.Through their different experiences, they were both molded to become a utter per some I had quoted that when Teddy thank Miss Thompson she had said that I didnt know how to teach until I met you, this simple line says it all. We sometimes forego and neglect our Teddies in life. Thinking that it would Just all be a waste of time to deal with them but we should forever and a day consider that many of the best experiences In life do not always come In beautiful things. The worst things almost always shape out the best in us.

The Economy vs the Enviroment

Yoveta Adams 12/14/12 English 1101 900 A. M. Essay 6 The Economy vs. the Environment The unemployment rate is almost nine percent, the care for of the American dollar is steadily declining, and the housing market is far from stable. It is undeniable that the American people need jobs. TransCanada, a leader in North American energy production (Canadian Business Resource) and its subsidiary, TransCanada Pipelines Limited has a seven billion dollar plan to create jobs by extending the already existing grit Pipeline.The Keystone pipeline harvests inunct from the tar sands in Hardesty, Alberta then runs the uncouth oil to Patoka, Illinois. The plan is to extend the pipeline from Hardesty to run through Montana, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and okay to finally end in Port Arthur, Texas where it can be refined. According to TransCanada, this can potentially create thousands of jobs including 13,000 Americans to construct the pipeline-pipefitters, welders, mechanics, electricians, h eavy equipment operators, among other jobs-in addition to 7,000 manufacturing jobs.And to boot topical anesthetic businesses along the pipeline route bequeath benefit from the 118,000 spin off jobs Keystone XL pass on create through increased businesses for local goods and service providers. (TransCanada) Thats a lot of jobs. non only that, this can help to reduce our dependency on outside sources to supply us with unmannerly oil, according to Chris Sorenson that this 36 inch diameter pipeline could Adams Page 2 Potentially triple the existing pipeline capacity to 1. 3 million place per day Thats greatNot only will this create over a hundred thousand jobs, it can also help cut down the price of gas, considering it wont be coming from middle east, it will be coming from our neighbors to the north. So why has President Barack Obama, decided to push endorse the decision to approve or deny the extension until after the 2012 election? Many republicans, including Speaker of the Ho use, John Boehner think this is detrimental to the American economy claiming, By punting this project, the president has made it clear that campaign politics are driving U. S. policy decisions at the cost of American jobs. (Page 16) Maybe it has something to do with the environment. akin the fact that the already existing Keystone pipeline has been ordered shut down by the United States Department of Transportation, due to a series of leaks and spills. Elisabeth Rosenthal says that in May of 2011 alone, the Keystone 1 pipeline suffered two leaksone of which involved over 10,000 gallons of oil. (Page 1) In spite of this, TransCanada claims that pipelines are the safest, most reliable, economical and environmentally palmy way to transport oil and petroleum products.Leaks are rare and tend to be small. I dont call ten thousand gallons small. Not only that, Rosenthal also states Environmental experts prepare raised concerns about the possibility of leaks from Keystone XL, in part b ecause TransCanada has been granted waivers that Adams Page 3 Effectively throw in the towel it to use thinner steel that would normally be required in the United States. They add that the companys pipelines are particularly vulnerable because the oil from tar sands is more corrosive than conventional oil and is pumped under higher pressure and temperatures. Page 1) Still, oil corporations claim that this source of sodding(a) oil is ethical, even though the methods used to extract it is devastating to the environment and the ecosystems within. Environmental activist Bill McKibben declares The biggest machines in the world scrape away the forest and dig down to the oily sand beneath, and so far they got three percent of the oil, but theyve already moved more soil than the Great groyne of China, the Suez Canal, and the Aswan Dam and Pyramid of Cheops combined (Page 40) And goes on to addRight now, the atmosphere holds 392 parts per million CO2 already dangerously above the 350 ppm scientists say is the maximal level. If you could somehow burn all the tar sands at once the atmospheric concentration would rise another 150 parts per million. (Page 40) Lee Terry, a republican representative from Nebraska, recently drafted a bill that would allow the Federal Regulatory Commission to grant permits that would allow TransCanada to commence the project within cardinal days of getting an application. I know we are desperate for Adams Page 4Jobs but, how far can this bill go if the decision to build this pipeline was in Barak Obamas hands alone and he already made the decision to wait until after the next election to decide? As for the thousands of jobs TransCanada claim this will create, the U. S. Department of State predicts the number will be closer to between twenty-five hundred and four thousand. Thats a big difference. Maybe the difference will stem from people that TransCanada will hire to clean up the existing mess that Keystone 1 has already created, and th e ones that will happen in the future if they continue to use substandard materials to build the pipeline.What about reducing our dependency on outside resources for crude oil? I mean that has to have some bearing in all of this. Alexander Cockburn suggests that from day one of the Keystone XL scheme the oil companies plan has been to take the heavy crude from Alberta, refine it in Texas and then ship it in the form of middle distillates-diesel, jet fuel and heating oil-primarily to Europe and Latin America. (Page 9) I think this could potentially raise the price of gas in the U. S. considering we will be the ones to ship it.One should also keep in mind that this is a pipeline, it takes oil from the earth and eventually, it will run out. It seems to me that this is just a short term solution. It certainly isnt going to get Americans away from using crude oil as a sustainable source of energy, regardless of the amount of jobs this will create. If the Republican Party and TransCanada truly cared about the American economy and job creation, they would come up with a cleaner, more efficient, and less harmful way. The Keystone XL pipeline is a bad idea, and the way I see it the environment is more important than the economy.

Balanced Scorecard: Traditional Performance Measurement

equilibrise bill Traditional Performance mensuration Historically, the measurement system for lineage has been pecuniary. Activities of companies were metric and monitored through the traditional fiscal accounting model. However, the extensive, even scoopful use of monetary measurements in business has been criticized primarily because an overemphasis on achieving and maintaining short-term financial results shadow cause companies to overinvest in short-term fixes and to underinvest in long-term typeset creation, revealicularly in the intangible and intellectual assets that generate future harvest-home.Indeed, the Harvard Business School Council on Competitiveness project in 1992 identified the following systematic differences between investments made by U. S. corporations and those made in Japan and Germany The U. S. system is less accessary of long-term corporate investment because of the overemphasis on improving short-term returns to influence current sh atomic numb er 18 prices. The U. S. ystem favors those forms of investment for which returns be most readily measurable this leads to underinvestment in intangible assets product and sue innovation, employee skills, customer gratification whose short-term returns be more difficult to measure. Inevitably, as managers atomic number 18 pressured to deliverconsistent and excellent short-term financial performance, trade-offs are made that limit the search for investments in growth opport building blockies.Even worse, the pressure for short-term financial performance seat cause companies to reduce spending on new product development, process improvements, human resource development, information technology, data bases, and systems as well as customer and market development. In the short run, the financial accounting model reports these spending cutbacks as increases in reported income, even when reductions have cannibalized a connections stock of assetsand its capabilities for creating future economic measure out.Alternatively, a company could maximize short-term financial results by exploiting customers through high prices or lower avail. In the short run, these actions enhance reported profitability, but the need of customer loyalty and satisfaction will leave the company highly vulnerable to competitive inroads. The concern with the overemphasis on financial performance measures has also permeated the U. S. rofessional affiliation of public accountants as a high- take aim special committee on financial describe of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants reinforced concerns with exclusive reliance on financial report for measuring business performance Users focus on the future while todays business reporting focuses on the past. Although information about the past is a useful indicator of future performance, users also need forward-looking information. The committee ac noesisd the importance of reporting on how well companies are creating value fo r the future, and recommended linking business performance reporting to centerings strategic vision Many users want to see a company through the eyes of management to help them understand managements perspective and predict where management will lead the company. It went on to advance that nonfinancial measurement mustinessiness play a key role Management should disclose the financial and nonfinancial measurements it uses in managing the business that quantify the effect of key activities and events. The committee concluded by recommending that companies adopt a more balanced and forward-looking approach To meet users changing needs, business reporting must Provide more information about plans, opportunities, risks and uncertainties Focus more on the factors that create longer-term value, including nonfinancial measures indicating how key business processes are performing Origins of the fit wit By the mid-1990s other placemental theorists had taken up Kaplan and Nortons wor k and modified the design method of balanced bill of fares, ironing out early flaws.Kaplan and Norton create their ideas in full in The fit wag Translating Strategy into Action in 1996 and it became a business bestseller. The match Scorecard Each perspective of the endd Scorecard includes objectives, measures of those objectives, target values of those measures, and initiatives, defined as follows Measures the observable parameters that will be apply to measure progress toward r separatelying the objective. For example, the objective of profitable growth might be measured by growth in net margin.Targets the specific target values sought for each of the measures, for example, +2% growth in net margin. Initiatives action programs to be initiated in order to meet the objective and reach the target. The framework for the balanced scorecard is illustrated below throw 1 Balanced Scorecard Framework drawframe As can be seen from the diagram, the objectives and measures of the sc orecard are derived from an organizations vision and strategy. The balanced scorecard should reiterate a business units mission and strategy into tangible objectives and measures.The measures represent a balancebetween external measures for shareholders and customers, and knowledgeable measures if critical business processes, innovation, and learning and growth. The measures are also balancedbetween the outcome measures the results from past efforts and the measures that drive future performance. Lastly, the scorecard is balancedbetween objectives, easily quantified outcome measures and subjective, somewhat judgmental, performance drivers of the outcome measures.Every measure selected should be part of a link of cause-and-effect relationships that culminate in improving financial performance. The scorecard should tell the story of the strategy, starting with the long-run financial objectives, and then linking them to the sequence of actions that must be taken with financial pr ocesses, customers, internal processes, and finally employees and system to deliver the desired long-run economic performance. Financial Perspective Table 1 Stages of a Businesss Life Cycle Table 2 Measuring Strategic Financial ThemesRevenue growth and mix refer to expanding product and servicing offerings, reaching new customers and markets, changing the product and service mix toward higher-value-added offerings, and repricing products and work. The cost reduction and productivity objective refers to efforts to lower the direct costs of products and services, reduce collateral costs, and share common resources with other business units. For the asset utilization theme, managers attempt to reduce the working capital levels required to support a given hoi polloi and mix of business.They also strive to obtain greater utilization of their fixed asset base, by directing new business to resources currently not used to capacity, using scarce resources more efficiently, and disposing o f assets that provide inadequate returns on their market value. All these actions enable the business unit to increase the returns earned on its financial and physical assets. customer Perspective The customer perspective addresses the principal of how the firm is viewed by its customers and how well the firm is serving its targeted customers in order to meet the financial objectives.In the customer perspective of the balanced scorecard, managers identify the customer and market segments in which the business unit will compete and the measures of the business units performance in these targeted segments. These segments represent the sources that will deliver the revenue component of the companys financial objectives. The customer perspective enables companies to align their core or generic outcome measures to targeted customers and market segments.This core measurement group of outcomes is generic across all kinds of organizations, and is illustrated in the following diagram Figur e 2 The Customer Perspective Core Measures drawframe These outcome measures represent the targets for companies marketing, operational, logistics, and product and service development processes. However, these outcome measures have some of the defects of traditional financial measures in that they are lagging measures employees will not know how well they are doing with customer satisfaction or customer retention until it is too late to discover the outcome.Also, the measures do not communicate what employees should be doing in their day-to-day activities to earn the desired outcomes. Because of these, managers must also identify what customers in targeted segments value and choose the value proposition they will deliver to these customers. The segment-specific drivers of core customer outcomes represent those factors that are critical for customers to switch to or remain loyal to their suppliers.These attributes are illustrated in the Figure 3 below Figure 3 The Customer Value P roposition drawg drawframe The customer perspective enables business unit managers to articulate the customer and market-based strategy that will deliver superior future financial returns. Thus, the customer perspective of the scorecard translates an organizations mission and strategy into specific objectives about targeted customers and market segments that can be communicated throughout the organization. Internal Business operate PerspectiveInternal business process objectives address the question of which processes are most critical for satisfying customers and shareholders. These are the processes in which the firm must concentrate its efforts to excel. Objectives and measures for this perspective are typically developed after formulating objectives and measures for the financial and customer perspectives to enable companies to focus their internal business process rhythmic pattern on those processes that will deliver the objectives established for customers and shareholders.T he process of deriving objectives and measures for the internal business process perspective represents one of the sharpest distinctions between the balanced scorecard and traditional performance measurement systems. While traditional approaches attempt to monitor and improve alert business processes, the scorecard approach usually identifies entirely new processes at which an organization must excel to meet customer and financial objectives.The balanced scorecard internal business process objectives highlight the processes, several of which may not be currently performing at all, that are most critical for an organizations strategy to succeed. Additionally, while the traditional performance measurement systems focus on the processes of delivering todays products and services to todays customers (short swing of value creation), the balanced scorecard approach is to incorporate innovation processes into the internalbusiness process perspective as illustrated in Figure 3.Figure 3 Th e Internal Business Process Perspective The Generic Value Chain Model drawframe drawframe drawframe drawframe The innovation process highlights the importance of, first, identifying the characteristics of market segments that the organization wishes to satisfy with its future products and services, and, then, designing and developing the products and services that will satisfy those targeted segments.This approach enables the organization to put considerable weight unit on research, design, and development processes that yield new products, services, and markets. Among the measures that can be used in the innovation process are component of sales from new products, portion of sale from proprietary products, new product introduction versus competitors or versus plan, manufacturing process capabilities, and time to develop next generation of products.The operations process represents the short wave of value creation in organizations. It starts with receipt of customer order and fi nishes with delivery of the product or service to the customer. This process stresses efficient, consistent, and timely delivery of existing products and services to existing customers. It remains important and organizations should identify the cost, quality, time, and performance characteristics that will enable it to deliver superior products and services to its targeted current customers.The influence of the total quality management and time-based competition practices of leading Japanese manufacturers has led many companies to supplement their traditional cost and financial measurements with measurements of in operation(p) processes quality, cycle time, and cost. Finally, the postsale service process enables companies to feature, when appropriate, important aspects of service that occur after the purchased product or service has been delivered to the customer such as warranty and repair activities, treatment of defects and returns, and the processing of payments.Measures of per formance in the operating processes can also be applied to postsale service process (i. e. time, quality, and cost metrics). Thus, cycle times can measure the speed of response to failures and cost metrics can evaluate the efficiency for postsale service processes while first-pass yields can measure what percentage of customer requests are handled with a single service call, rather than requiring quadruplicate calls to resolve the problem.Companies that deal with hazardous or environmentally sensitive chemicals and materials may also introduce critical performance measures associated with the safe disposal of waste and by-products from the product process. Learning and Growth Perspective The fourth perspective of the balanced scorecard, learning and growth, addresses the question of how the firm must learn, improve, and innovate in order to meet its objectives. It identifies the al-Qaida that the organization must build to create long-term growth and improvement.The enablers for learning and growth come primarily from three sources people or employees, systems, and organizational procedures. The financial, customer, and internal business process objectives on the balanced scorecard will typically reveal large gaps between the existing capabilities of people, systems, and procedures and what will be required to achieve breakthrough performance. To close these gaps, businesses will have to invest in reskilling employees, enhancing information technology and systems, and aligning organizational procedures and routines.Figure 4 The Learning and Growth Measurement Framework drawframe Within this core, the employee satisfaction objective is generally considered the driver of the other two measures, employee retention and employee productivity. It recognizes that employee morale and overall job satisfaction are preconditions for increasing productivity, responsiveness, quality, and customer service. Companies typically measure employee satisfaction with an annual survey, or a rolling survey in which a specified percentage of randomly chosen employees is surveyed each month.Employee retention captures an objective to retain those employees in whom the organization has a long-term interest. The theory underlying this measure is that the organization is qualification long-term investments in its employees so that any unwanted departures represent a loss in the intellectual capital of the business. Long-term, loyal employees carry the values of the organization, knowledge of organizational processes, and sensitivity to the needs of customers. Employee retention is generally measured by percentage of key staff turnover.Employee productivity is an outcome measure of the aggregated reach from enhancing employee skills and morale, innovation, improving internal processes, and satisfying customers. The goal is to relate the return produced by employees to the number of employees used to produce that output. The simplest productivity measure is rev enue per employee, which represents how much output can be generated per employee. As employees and the organization become more effective in selling a higher volume and a higher value-added set of products and services, revenue per employee should increase.Linking the Balanced Scorecard Measures to Strategy Uses of the Balanced Scorecard The Balanced Scorecard originally was conceived as an improved performance measurement system. However, it soon became apparent that it could be used as a management system to implement strategy at all levels of the organization by facilitating the following functions Clarifying strategy the translation of strategic objectives into quantifiable measures clarifies the management teams understanding of the strategy and helps to develop a coherent consensus.Communicating strategic objectives the Balanced Scorecard can dole out to translate high level objectives into operational objectives and communicate the strategy effectively throughout the org anization. Planning, setting targets, and aligning strategic initiatives ambitious but achievable targets are set for each perspective and initiatives are developed to align efforts to reach the targets. Strategic feedback and learning executives receive feedback on whether the strategy implementation is proceeding consort to plan and on whether the strategy itself is successful (double-loop learning).These functions have made the Balanced Scorecard an effective management system for the implementation of strategy. The Balanced Scorecard has been applied successfully to private sector companies, non-profit organizations, and government agencies as discussed in the succeeding sections. Potential Pitfalls The following are potential pitfalls that should be avoided when implementing the Balanced Scorecard Lack of a well-defined strategy The Balanced Scorecard relies on a well-defined strategy and an understanding of the linkages between strategic objectives and the metrics.Without th is foundation, the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard is unlikely to be successful. Using only lagging measures Many managers believe that they will reap the benefits of the Balanced Scorecard by using a wide range of non-financial measures. However, care should be taken to identify not only lagging measures that describe past performance, but also leading measures that can be used to plan for future performance. Use of generic metrics It usually is not sufficient simply to adopt the metrics used by other successful firms.Each firm should put forth the effort to identify the measures that are appropriate for its own strategy and competitive position. Effectiveness of the Balanced Scorecard (Success Stories) Mobil North America Marketing and Refining CIGNA Property and Casualty Insurance Brown & Root Energy Services Rockwater Division Chemical (Chase) sell Bank AT Canada, Inc. Zeneca Ag Products North America Southern Gardens Citrus University of California, San Diego Duke Chi ldrens Hospital United Parcel Service Building and Implementing a Balance Scorecard Balanced Scorecard ComponentsFigure 5 The Logic of Balanced Scorecard Strategic Planning drawframe Process of Building a Balanced Scorecard Kaplan and Norton defined a four-step process that has been used across a wide range of organizations. Define the measurement architecture When a company initially introduces the Balanced Scorecard, it is more manageable to apply it on the strategic business unit level rather than the corporate level. However, interactions must be considered in order to avoid optimizing the results of one business unit at the expense of others.Build consensus around strategic objectives The top three or four objectives for each perspective are agreed upon. Potential measures are identified for each objective. Select and design measures Measures that are closely related to the actual performance drivers are selected for evaluating the progress made toward achieving the objectiv es. Develop the implementation plan Target values are assigned to the measures. An information system is developed to link the top level metrics to lower-level operational measures. The scorecard is integrated into the management system.

Jonathan Kozol has been around for quite some time writing

Jonathan Kozol has been well-nigh for quite some age writing hard-hitting journalism about flaws in this country. His book Savage Inequities is more(prenominal) of the same with the focus on teaching method. Kozols strength as a writer is being able to put a face on his topic, anywhere from education to home littleness, etc. He makes the issue real and attaches human faces and real people that the proofreader can relate to.In launch to write this book, Kozol spent a lot of time traveling around visiting schools. To name a few, he visited schools in invigorated York City, Chicago, St. Louis, Washington D.C. and umpteen others.During his visits, he spent time observing in the classroom as well as interviewing teachers, students, p bents, and administrators. What Kozol found out was that schools today are as separate and unequal as they were ahead the landmark decision of Brown vs. the Board of Education in 1954. he determines that the reason for these inequities lies in the way that American schools are funded. America funds its schools with post evaluatees. The problem with this is that rich suburban areas pay more than more property assesses, which makes their schools unrivaled. While in inner urban center schools, the property tax base is much raze. Therefore, mostly minority kids attend schools without much money.Kozol takes the reader into these schools to make his point. In Chicago, there is a school with no library. They are overcrowded, understaffed, and lack even the basic principle of resources and equipments. He takes us to a high school in the Bronx where the rain pours in. For example, Kozol states, The science labs at East St. Louis High are 30 to 50 long time outdatedThe six lab stations in the room have empty holes where pipes were once attached. It would be great if we had water, says a physics teacher (Kozol 27). He later hits the reader hard questioning why our country eitherows this to happen. Almost anyone who visits in the sc hools of East St. Louiscomes away profoundly shaken.These are innocent children, after allOne searches fro some way to understand why a society as rich and, frequently, as generous as ours would leave these children in their penury and squalor for so long-and with so little public indignation. Is this just a strange mistake of history?why is it that we cant at least pour colossal amounts of money, ingenuity, and talent into public education for these children? (140).He literally bombards the reader with real horror stories of his visits and travels in order to put a face on the scurvy state of education. It isnt just about education and schools and teachers there are real kids involved here who are not getting what they destiny.Of Patterson, New Jersey, he states,The city is so short of space that four elementary schools today occupy abandoned factories. Children at one wood-frame elementary school, which has no cafeteria or indoor(prenominal) space for recreation, eat lunc h in a section of the boiler room. A bathroom houses reading classes (Kozol 106).He compares these schools to suburban ones where conditions are much better. Teachers are paid much more, libraries are stocked, and technology abounds. He does a fantastic job at showing the contrasts between the wealthy schools and the poor schools. With the pictures he paints for the reader, the reader cannot argue with him. He also makes a plea for America to look upon equating and fix its schools.And yet we stop to tell ourselves These are Americans. Why do we reduce them to this beggary and why, particularly, in public education? Why not spend on children here at least what we would be investing in their education if they lived within a wealthy district like Winnetka, Illinois, or Cherry Hill, New Jersey, or Manhasset, Rye, or Great Neck in New York? Wouldnt this be natural behavior in an affluent society that seems to value fairness in so more other areas of life? Is fairness less import ant to Americans today than in some earlier times? Is it viewed as slightly tiresome and incompatible with hardnosed values? What do Americans believe about equality? (Kozol 41)Kozol ends the book with a vivid picture of an elementary school in a neighborhood of Cincinnati. He tells the reader that atmosphere was polluted with factories, prostitutes were near, and Bleakness was the order of the day. Kozol said he rarely saw a child with a good big smile (Kozol 230-31). He leaves the reader with a bad try on in his/her mouth at the state of schools. This he does in hopes of spurring his readers to action.His research methods would be described as informal because his analysis comes from observations and interviews. There is no standard form that he uses, exactly he gets the material nonetheless. He devotes a chapter to teach area he discusses and reachs the reader a description of the city as to understand why the schools are the way they are.His findings are extremely significa nt to America as he clearly delineates the problems of American schools. With the images he creates, no one can argue with him. The pictures of these inner city schools are bleak.A criticism for Kozol is that he does not concentrate on any other problems in education besides inequality. Not that the inequality of schools is not a huge problem, but there are other problems that lead to poor achievement as well. No Child Left Behind plays a role. If those kids dont do well on the tests, more funding can be cut. Inner city schools do not tend to keep their teachers, With high teacher turnover, it is even harder for students to learn, and there may be large gaps in curriculum. There are also many forces at play outside the school, such as the home lives and parental involvement of these students. Probably the biggest criticism of Kozol is that he offers no solutions he only identifies problems. He would probably say that solutions arent his job, and he would leave that to the educationa l theorists. But after reading his condemnations, it would be nice to hear some of his ideas for solutions.Kozol doesnt tell the reader this, but The relationship between funding and academic achievement is unclear. However, it does not take a genius to figure this out. Will more money alone act upon the problems in schools? Of course, it wont. However, more money will help. Money will help schools fix dilapidated buildings, buy equipment and resources, hire more teachers and aides to promote lower class sizes, attract better teachers who are more qualified, and a myriad of other things. But throwing money at the problem is only a start. These schools need help. They need more community and parental involvement.They need after school programs and tutoring programs and teachers with the knowledge and compassion to continue in the profession. Kozol doesnt mention other solutions except to give the schools more money, but there are many other things needed. Even money will not solve t he problems of segregation. Inner city schools are do up mostly of minority students. How is that problem solved? Yes, more whites who fled to the suburbs are finding their way back to the inner city, but this is not always a good thing either. They are uprooting established communities in the process of gentrification and displacing people who may have nowhere else to go. This is why Kozol focuses on the money, because as difficult as it will be to change the way we fund schools, it will be harder to desegregate communities.Kozol makes good sense when he speaks of getting rid of the property tax funding for schools and finding a new way to fund them. If education is supposed to be democratic, and it is, America cannot continue to fund schools this way. The system America has roughly guarantees that parents who can afford to buy big houses in the suburbs will send their children to better schools.For school administrators and all personnel in schools, there are many things to be l earned from this book. the most important one is that as pedagogs, we should be fighting for democratic schools. Administrators should be out there fighting the property tax system and leading the charge to find other, more equitable ways to fund schools. Administrators also ought to be required to take a look around at the world. They should be required to visit inner city schools to truly understand what other educators go through on a daily basis. Administrators should value quality teachers all the more after reading this book, and go out of their way to keep their quality teachers.Truly, everyone even thinking about becoming an educator should read a book like this, and visit these schools. Most of us do not even know what a crisis we are in, right now in America. And hopefully, future educators will be the ones to fix this crisis.Work CitedKozol, Jonathan, Savage Inequities, Harper Perennial, 1992.

Cis Chapter 5 Study Guide

CS200-Chapter5-Homework Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____1. A(n) ____ is an stimulant twisting that contains keys users press to enter data and book of instructions into a computer. a. keyboardc. gamepad b. light pend. stylus ____2. As shown in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____ is a touch-sensitive display device. a. stylusc. gamepad b. touch block outd. touch remote ____3. A(n) ____ is a freestanding computer that includes a touch screen. a. encoderc. modem b. kioskd. telemeter ____4.The Wii ____ is a motion-sensing input device that uses Bluetooth radiocommunication technology to communicate with the Wii game console. a. Toothc. Remote b. Bluetoold. gamepad ____5. On a ____, sometimes called a game controller, users press buttons or move sticks in various directions to activate events. a. gamepadc. trackball b. Click Wheeld. touch screen ____6. ____ is the process of entranceway data by speaking into a micropho ne. a. MIDIc. Voice over b. Speech lored. Voice input ____7. Voice input is part of a larger category of input called ____ input. a. audiblec. integrated b. audiod. aural ____8. Voice ____ is the process of entering input by speaking into a microphone. a. recognitionc. concatenation b. inputd. indexing ____9. Audio ____ is the process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and sound effects. a. recognitionc. concatenation b. inputd. indexing ____10. A(n) ____ is the smallest element in an electronic image. a. bitc. pixel b. mintdelad. nit ____11. As shown in the accompanying figure, a ____ is a video television camera that displays its make on a Web page. a. Web camc. PC camera b. PDAd. video conference ____12.A(n) ____ conference is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people who use a network or the Internet to transmit audio and video data. a. videoc. dynamic b. quadd. professional ____13. A(n) ____ cam enables a home or small busine ss user to capture video and still images, send e-mail messages with video attachments, add receive images to instant messages, broadcast live images over the Internet, and make video telephone calls. a. onlinec. conference b. Webd. vid ____14. A(n) ____ scanner works in a manner like to a copy machine except it creates a file of the document in memory instead of a paper copy a. thermalc. flatcar b. drumd. rolling ____15. A bar code ____ uses laser beams to read bar codes. a. devicec. processor b. camd. reader ____16. An MICR ____ converts MICR characters into a form the computer can process. a. devicec. processor b. camd. reader ____17. A fingerprint ____ captures curves and indentations in a fingerprint. a. identifierc. reader b. biometerd. processor ____18. ____ is data that has been processed into a useful form. a. Concatenationc. outturn b. Recognitiond. Input ____19. A ____ device is an output device that visually conveys text, artistic production, and video information. . processorc. graphical b. basald. display ____20. A(n) ____ is a display device that is packaged as a separate peripheral. a. scannerc. oversee b. biometerd. both a and c ____21. A(n) ____ monitor like the one shown in the accompanying figure, uses a liquid crystal display to produce images. a. pixelc. plasma b. graphicald. LCD ____22. ____ describes the difference in light intensity between the brightest white and darkest vague that can be displayed on a monitor like the one in the accompanying figure. a. Pixel pitchc. Contrast ratio b. Resolutiond. round off rate ____23.The quality of a monitor like the one in the accompanying figure depends primarily on its ____. a. screen sizec. base b. resultantd. voltage ____24. ____ is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device. a. Pixel depthc. Bit depth b. Color indexd. Resolution ____25. A(n) ____ monitor is a display device that uses gas plasma technology, which sandwiches a layer of gas between two glass plates . a. resolvedc. plasma b. topologyd. gaseous ____26. For a display device like the one in the accompanying figure, all of the following are common sizes EXCEPT____ inches. . 15c. 20 b. 17d. 22 ____27. A(n) ____ monitor like the one in the accompanying figure is a desktop monitor that contains a cathode ray tube. a. LCDc. plasma b. CRTd. PCX ____28. ____ is a wireless technology for printing. a. RFIDc. Bluetooth b. Stylusd. Wii ____29. Printer resolution is measured in ____. a. pixelsc. hertz b. dots per inchd. pages per minute ____30. A(n) ____ correspondent is any category of printer that forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper. a. characterc. non bear upon b. laserd. ink-jet ____31.A(n) ____ printer is a type of nonimpact printer that forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper. a. plasmac. ink-jet b. thermald. dot-matrix ____32. A(n) ____ generates images by pushing electrically heated pi ns against heat-sensitive paper. a. laser printerc. photo-quality printer b. thermal printerd. ink-jet printer ____33. A(n) ____ peripheral is a single device that looks like a copy machine but provides the functionality of a printer, scanner, copy machine, and perhaps a fax machine a. multivariatec. multiple b. multifunctiond. multifaceted ____34. A dot-matrix printer is a kind of ____ printer. a. laserc. nonimpact b. plotterd. impact ____35. A(n) ____ printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper. a. laserc. plotter b. impactd. ink-jet ____36. A(n) ____ output device is a component of a computer that produces music, speech, or other sounds, such as beeps. a. videoc. aural b. audiod. sensorial ____37. To boost low bass sounds, surround sound speaker systems also include a ____. a. headsetc. subwoofer b. graphics chipsd. multifunction peripheral ____38. ____ are audio output devices that lay inside the ear canal. a. Faxesc. UPCs b. Audiophonesd. Earbuds ____39. The ____ requires any company with 15 or more employees to make reasonable attempts to accommodate the needs of physically challenged workers. a. Sarbanes-Oxley constitutec. Workers Protection Act b. ADAd. W3C Act ____40. Two output options for blind users are ____. a. Braille printer and headset b. voice output and Braille printer c. on-screen keyboard and head- attach pointer d. head mounted pointer and voice recognitionTrue/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____41. A wireless keyboard uses ultraviolet light waves to communicate with the computer. ____42. If a touch screen like the one in the accompanying figure recognizes multiple points of contact at the same time, it is known as a multi-touch screen. ____43. numerous handheld game consoles lead touch screens. ____44. Gamepads can communicate with a game console or personal computer via wired or wireless technology. ____45. Joysti cks and wheels are typically wireless and not attached via a cable to a personal computer or game console. ___46. Musical instrument and rest board controllers communicate with game consoles via wired or wireless technology. ____47. The most expensive kind of digital camera is a field camera. ____48. One broker that affects the quality of a digital camera is its resolution. ____49. The only equipment necessary for a video conference is a Web cam. ____50. A digital video camera records video as an analog signal. ____51. RFID requires line-of-sight transmission. ____52. A bar code identifies the price, the manufacturer, and the size of the product. ____53.Exposure to a magnet or magnetic field can erase the heart and soul of a cards magnetic stripe. ____54. Some newer keyboards and notebook computers have a fingerprint scanner built into them. ____55. Signature verification systems use a specialized pen and tablet. ____56. An ATM is a self-service banking machine that connects to a host computer through a network. ____57. Plasma monitors offer smaller screen sizes and lower display quality than LCD monitors, but are less expensive. ____58. All high-quality CRT monitors like the one shown in the accompanying figure accept with a set of standards that defines acceptable levels of EMR. ___59. Monitors like the one in the accompanying figure produce a small amount of electromagnetic radiation. ____60. Many polar printers exist with varying speeds, capabilities, and printing methods. ____61. Operating in a manner similar to a copy machine, a dye-sublimation printer creates images using a laser beam and powdered ink, called toner. ____62. A disadvantage of multifunction peripherals is that they are significantly more expensive than if a user purchased each device separately. ____63. Most personal computers have a small internal speaker that emits high-quality sound. ____64.An on-screen keyboard is a graphic of a standard keyboard that is displayed on the users sc reen. ____65. Visually impaired users can potpourri Windows Vista settings to increase the size or change the color of text, making it easier to read. CS200-Chapter5-Homework Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. autonomic nervous systemAPTS1DIFPREF190 OBJ1 2. autonomic nervous systemBPTS1DIFPREF193 OBJ3 3. autonomic nervous systemBPTS1DIFSREF193 OBJ3 4. autonomic nervous systemCPTS1DIFPREF196 OBJ5 5. ANSAPTS1DIFPREF196 OBJ5 6. ANSDPTS1DIFPREF198 OBJ5 7. ANSBPTS1DIFSREF198 OBJ5 8. ANSBPTS1DIFPREF198 OBJ5 9. ANSBPTS1DIFPREF198 OBJ5 10. ANSCPTS1DIFPREF198OBJ5 11. ANSAPTS1DIFPREF199 OBJ5 12. ANSAPTS1DIFPREF199 OBJ5 13. ANSBPTS1DIFPREF199 OBJ5 14. ANSCPTS1DIFPREF200 OBJ5 15. ANSDPTS1DIFPREF201 OBJ5 16. ANSDPTS1DIFPREF202 OBJ5 17. ANSCPTS1DIFPREF202 OBJ5 18. ANSCPTS1DIFPREF206 OBJ6 19. ANSDPTS1DIFPREF207 OBJ6 20. ANSCPTS1DIFPREF207 OBJ6 21. ANSDPTS1DIFPREF208 OBJ6 22. ANSCPTS1DIFSREF209 OBJ6 23. ANSBPTS1DIFSREF209 OBJ6 24. ANSDPTS1DIFPREF209 OBJ6 25. ANSCPTS1DIFPREF210 OBJ6 26. ANSCPTS1DIFS REF210 OBJ6 27. ANSBPTS1DIFPREF210 OBJ6 28. ANSCPTS1DIFSREF212 OBJ7 29.ANSBPTS1DIFSREF213 OBJ7 30. ANSCPTS1DIFPREF213 OBJ7 31. 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Learning team charter †team “c” Essay

Course TitleCom/172Team Members/Contact InformationNamePhone meter zone andAvailability During the WeekEmailCentral Monday-Friday 9a.m.-9p.m.CentralCentral Monday-FridayTeam Ground Rules and GuidelinesWhat be the general expectations for all in all members of the aggroup? distributively team member is expected to present all hunt down or research as write in order to be given full credit as a team member. Team meetings are scheduled every Wednesday at 12 noon finished and through the OLS system in the Team C forum. The deadline for distributively assignment bequeath be Sunday of apiece week by 800p.m. The Certificate of Originality leave alone be signed as Team C only if each team member has presented his or her completed work. If not, the certificate will be signed with individual names of names of team members whom have completed assignments. If a team member cannot progress to a meeting or reach the assignment deadline, the team must be notified at to the lowest degree 24 hours before the meeting or the assignment is due. Expectations for Time Management and Involvement(Participation, communication with the team, accessibility, etc.) Each team member should give an equal amount of time and participation. We are also expected to kick the bucket openly with each team member and be available on or at their post or desired times of availability. Each member must attend all team meetings on Wednesday of each week. Ensuring Fair and Even Contribution and CollaborationWhat strategy will you use to envision that all team members are contributing and collaborating appropriately? Describe the communication strategy you will use if a team member is not contributing and collaborating effectively. How will the team manage conflicts between team members? We will stay connected on a first-string basis to ensure each member chip in appropriately. In the event that a team member is not contributing on a regular basis, we will first use the OLS system to conta ct them. If and when that do not work, we will contact them on their personal cell phone and then resort to their email. Conflicts between team members will be handled through team meetings on Wednesday of each week. If the conflict cannot be handled through team meetings, we will forward the fuss to the class instructor for assistance. Special ConsiderationsWhat do you, as a team, agree will make this team experience different from past team experiences? As a team, we agree that proper communication will make this team a success. An open line of communication must be used to ensure quality work as a team. We will allow and be open to all ideas and suggestions from each team member to be presented to find the best outcome.

Meaning of Free-Enterprise System Essay

Free-enterprise is defined as the freedom of individuals or groups of individuals to engage in business ventures with the minimum intervention of the state (or its political apparatus, the government) (Smith 1776/1904). There atomic number 18 three parts in this definition. First, capitalist is defined as freedom of individuals in authorised stinting theory, freedom to engage in economic activities is an extension of individual freedom. Added to that, this freedom to participate in economic activities is corollary to making personal choices, which un restricted, follow individual freedom (like other freedoms).The second part of this definition is the statement that individuals rear engage in business ventures. This deal be achieved so long as the individual has the capital to establish his business. In economic theory, capital is defined as the as even outs, in the form of m integrityy, technology, physical infrastructure, human skills, etc. that can have a possible rate of ret urns. Individuals can use this capital to accumulate wealth, that is, to create much capital and advantage. Nevertheless, in a private enterprise, capital however is dictated by the laws of provide and solicit.Capital get outing only have a fruitful rate of return if it is utilize to producing goods demanded by the consumers. Capital utilized for producing products not demanded by the public will either have a lower rate of returns or push the business into exiting from the trade. Lastly, the requisite for free-enterprise is what economists call minimum intervention of the state. In simple terms, in modulate for the laws of depict and demand to take effect, the government must not intervene in the economic activities of the country.The laws of supply and demand cannot work in a system wherein economic activities ar either restricted or controlled by the state or government. Whenever the government restricts business activities, the natural mechanism of adjusting produ ction and demand becomes blurred (policies), and then may create an celluloid shortage in the market. Added to that, Adam Smith (1776/1904) argued that if markets be left on its own, it will naturally supply the public its demand. The capitalists or business community, eyeing public demand as an opportunity for acquiring profit, utilize their capital for producing products that the public demands.The self-interests of both the businessmen and the consumers will naturally path to prosperity. Smith (1776) noted however that the governments roles in the free-market system are limited to the undermenti superstard 1) military guard of the state, 2) creation of an amiable economic climate, and 3) construction of public works. However, in real life, it is unthinkable for government not to intervene in the market. Environmental disasters may create a shortage in the market, raising prices to multiple folds.The government then can institute some price mechanisms in order to protect t he down public from unregulated and irresponsible business activities. Good and Bad Kinds of Markets in a Free-Enterprise System Because free-enterprise is defined as the freedom of individuals or group of individuals to engage in economic activities with the minimum intervention of the government or state, it is noteworthy that a loose classification of much(prenominal) had been made by different economists. These economists either favor a virtually unrestricted form of free-enterprise or a combination of command and free-market system.The first set of economists argued that free-enterprise system necessitates the establishment of an delivery under perfect competition. These classical economists argued that if government will let the market do its natural run short, comparative adjustment in prices for certain products will cause a relative change in demand, and withal a corresponding change in supply. In the supply side, because every firm in a perfectly rivalrous market ha s an equal share of market, a change in the price of one firm will cause a change in the price of other firms.In the end, the consuming public will benefit from this relationship because prices are well adjusted by market mechanisms. On the engross side, whenever a change in the production inputs occurs, a corresponding change in the wage side also occurs. Firms will adjust their wage schedules and a level of equilibrium is achieved which would benefit the everyday public. On the production side, classical economists argued that in a perfectly competitive market changes in prices of goods will have a corresponding change in the wage level the price level exposit as flexible and the wage rate inflexible.Whenever a change in prices of goods occurs, all will follow, and thus the market will be in a state of equilibrium. In this condition, the supply and demand for goods are situated in one price (for a particular good). When equilibrium is reached in the market, both the hoard dema nd and aggregate supply in the market becomes relatively equal. This will prevent the creation of an artificial shortage in the market. These conditions of free-enterprise however work in an ideal situation.In reality, the government can intervene in the market in at least three ways 1) control the activities of monopolies and cartels, 2) set price controls for certain basic goods, and 3) control the supply of money. These functions may be classified as potent or necessary. It can be necessary because these activities and conditions will naturally affect the normal welfare of the public. in effect(p) because government interventions may take the form of a general welfare policy far aloof from the rumblings of the political arena.Monopolies and cartels are perverted forms of the free-enterprise system. Monopolies usually control the larger portion of the market supply of a particular good. The deduction is that these monopolies can dictate the price in the market at the write d own of the general public. It is expected that the deadweight loss in this condition will be much larger than economies with infirm market competition (economies differentiating products), precisely because the welfare surplus is converted into a certain rate of profit by the monopolies.They can do this by controlling the supply of goods in the market. Since they control most of the supply of a particular good, prices will be adjusted based on the profit schedule of the firm. Cartels function the akin way as monopolies but differ in two ways. Monopolies usually involve one firm who controls most of the supply of a particular good in the market. Cartels are composed of firms producing the same product and have relatively equal share of the market pie of a particular good.These firms may eat up to control the price of a good in the market to achieve the expected level of profit, and of hang to avoid competition. Welfare surplus in this case will still be large referable to the cor responding fall of expected returns to the consumers. What I have outlined are the good and naughty kinds of markets in a free-enterprise system. The perfectly competitive market is the ideal free-enterprise system. For theoretical purposes, the perfectly competitive market is itself the free-enterprise system since it well transcribes the characteristics of a laissez-faire system.However, because this is only an ideal type, perverted forms are well imbibed in the free-market system, that is, they are assumed to be part and parcel of this economic system. In a sense, the definition of free-enterprise that I presented is the definition that captures the postulates of classical economics. Classical economics classified good and bad forms of the so-called free-enterprise system, although it is wrong to argue that there is such thing as bad free-enterprise because theoretically it is an ideal type that strives for the good of the general public.This approach to the definition of a fre e-enterprise system is classical in nature and does not take into account some of the contemporary economic arrangements that are shaping the economies of many nations, poor and rich nations alike. Capitalism, Neo-Classical Economics, and Free-Enterprise In his book, Carson (2001) argued that the so-called free-enterprise system that classical economists are boasting is in fact transformed into the so-called capitalist system. The capitalist system provides the businessmen when the capacity of limiting the wages of the laborer.The state now, protects corporations (which are embodiments of the capitalist ordeals) through limited liability, laws on protection of assets, high interest rates, and of course low taxes. It seems that the free-enterprise system which was meant to be at the service of the general public is now an apparatus of the capitalists to expand their share of the market. Capitalism is not free-enterprise. Free-enterprise system is the contradiction in terms of the cap italist system in its economic goals and assumptions.Keynes (1936) noted that in the era of modern economics, prices of goods in the market are inflexible in the short-run. Short-run adjustments of production schedules and wages will not be glow since the overall inventory of the firm depends on the expected rate of demand of the public, the actual expenditure, and the price itself. The implication of this is the fact that free-enterprise can only be achieved partially in the long-run. In the short run, distortions in the market will create monopolies and cartels, in the long-run these will be eliminated, thus the achievement of the so-called free-enterprise system.

Mahatma Ghandi

Year 11 Community and Family Studies Individuals and Groups Leadership Term 2 Assessment MAHATMA GHANDI . Mohandas Karamchand Ghandi, cognize as Mahatma , or Great Soul was a supremacyful endureer who managed to cause major regimeal change in countries that experience an abundance of racial discrimination and cultural inferiority . The 2 or so signi? cantly effected countries that experienced direct positive empowerment because of Mahatma Ghandi were southward Africa and India. Reason for Ghandis immense success with distri furtherively goal he set was his strong self belief, resilience, persistence and decision.Apart from these char motivateeristics allowing Ghandi to get through his goals, they made him an special example of an rough-and-ready attraction. In South Africa Mahatma Ghandi fought for Indian civil rights, his success resulted in the reformation of the anti- Indian Legislation, by South African Of? cials. Throughout the history of South Africa racial discri mination was al personal manners popular among inn. Native Africans, Indians and Asians were constantly subject to racial injustices, particularly from the 1800s to 1959.Examples of this atomic number 18 unmistak equal to(p) throughout the legislations and laws that were narrate at Indians Indians -Could only freely migrate to South Africa as indentured Labourers (labourers on contract) They had none of the rights of honorable citizenship Were non allowed to own property or land Were only granted temporary residence -Forced to conduct of sum of ? 3 if they were ex-indentured Indians that failed to reindenture or chose to fall out to India after their labour contracts were completed . Had to live in g all overnment allocated areas for sanitation purposes Were the only race that had to complete a educational, health, age and means test in parliamentary law to absorb admission into the commonwealth with the exclusion of Indian indentured labourers. (this purpose of thi s test was to stop provided immigration of free Indians (Indians that came to South Africa not indentured) ). -Were prohibited from marrying the Whites (People of European descent e. g. Dutch, German, French ) These government policies were jaundiced against the Indian race and resulted n them (Indians) being assumed as an inferior race in club which make headway resulted in the excessive mistreatment of Indians. Being exposed to these racial inequalities, and having been of Indian race Mahatma Ghandi was well cognizant of these racial inequalities as he verbalise I discovered that as a man and as an Indian I had no rights. He recognised that change needed to occur in erect for the Indian race in South Africa to be equalised inwardly society. This recognition then lead Ghandi proposing an military action plan of passive voice resistance which he was leader of.The result of his passive resistance which was taken up by hundreds of other supporting Indians in South Africa was t he . reformation of the anti- Indian Legislation ( mentioned previously). This meant that the Indian computer backup Act was passed, consequently improving Indian civil rights. The act Abolished the ? 3 poll tax -Recognised marriages assure in terms of traditional Hindu and Muslim rites Indian children of parents living in South Africa are allowed to immigrate Although these modi? ed policies of legislation did improve Indian Civil Rights, there were still major part which remained law that were racially unjust.For example Indians were still prohibited from owning property in Transvall and Orange Free State. -Indians were not allowed to reside in Orange Free State. Restrictions still existed on Indian trades. In 1869 India was part of the British Empire, which meant that Britain ran the government, made laws and took advantage of Indias natural riches in particularly salt, in order to concord pro? t. The point that the British Empire ruled India, basically meant that the Ind ians own country had to a degree been taken from them they were living in a country that was not theirs. After ? hting in the British Army in Europe during First World War (1914-18) Indians, felt that in return they deserved to be granted Independence. Believing this Ghandi resolved to ? ght for Indian Independence or what he referred to as Swaraj . Ghandis order of ? ghting was inspired by his belief of Satyagraha, meaning truth force. He stated Satyagraha has been knowing as an effective substitute for military unit . In order to achieve this vision Ghandi employed his rule of civil disobedience. ?He urged Indians to resist British rule by liberation on strike. ?He went on hunger strikes ?He made plain speeches ? Encouraged Indians not to wear clothes or chip in British taxes this was the beginning of Ghandis Cloth Campaign he ordered the public to burn their British clothing and instead spin their own thread and make their own clothes. ?Encouraged Indians not to vitiate British goods, go on strike from their jobs and attend rallies to hear him speak. ?The most signi? cant event that Ghandi lead to achieve Indian Independence in India was the Salt March during this event Ghandi lead hundreds of his followers to Dandi brink were he picked up the ? st handful of salt. This symbolised that Indians would no drawn-out bow to British laws. This occurrence was so in-chief(postnominal) because it showed rebellion to British law. During this time (1930s) it was made law that Indians could not collect their own salt, they had to purchase heavily taxed salt from the British. However after Ghandis action, Indians started collecting their own salt. . Mahatmas main goal was to achieve Indian independence, however he fought for better working conditions for poor weavers and went on a fast until he won them a wage increase.He also set up a ashram which was communal stir, on this farm Ghandi accepted a group of social outcasts, labelled the untouchables . The untouchables were picturen as the lowest rank in societys hierarchal structure and therefore they were outcasted and not associated with. By Ghandis encouragement and acceptance of the untouchables into the communal farm despite the witnesss of his followers he showed his belief that all people were equal. Mahatma Ghandis approach to protest became popular within society and rapidly he accumulated hundreds of followers, ? hting united with the like intention which was further reason wherefore Ghandi achieved Indian Independence. Mass civil disobedience is like an earthquake, said Ghandi. This same principal which Ghandi proposed and then employed into every protest project he was conundrumatical in, is reason why he was such(prenominal) a undefeated leader. Despite Mahatma Ghandis direct action to empower one-on-ones to meet up for what they believe in in South African and India , Ghandi inspired the whole world to do the same. The actions and principles that he utilized resulted in the global empowerment of individuals.His ethics and protesting strategies are still seen in familiarize political rebellion. Mahatma Ghandi was a passing successful leader because he was able see injustices within society, which others experienced and encourage and enforce society to passively yet affectively ? ght in solidarity for positive change. The New Oxford American dictionary de? nes lead as the ability to lead skillfully. Mahatma Ghandis most prominent quality was his leadership, his superior leadership style was the main reason for his successes.There are many diverse leadership styles, such as Task-orientated, People-orientated, Autocratic, collaborative/Democratic, Laissez-faire, Transformational and Cultural. from each one of these leadership styles present a leader with varying leadership skills which effect the dynamics and productivity of group members. A transformational leader, such as Ghandi maintains a focus on teamwork and initiative. They p rovide direction and a goal for the group to achieve and encourage and empower the group members in achieving the goal.As leaders they utilise asquint thinking, promote individual growth and development and group decision making and keep the group focussed and productive in r apieceing their goals by giving regular feedback. Transformational leaders are deeply involved in the group and are constantly enthusiastic and energetic about the input of individuals. This generates a swear environment where group members feel comfortable to cooperate with group members. Mahatma Ghandis transformational leadership style was evident throughout his lifetime, despite the varying group and situation.When analysing his successes, in . particularly his ? ght for equality in South Africa in the midst of Indians and the Whites . He was extremely involved with the Indian Society and produced a clear vision for Indian desegregation within South African Society. He was deeply involved in his group and worked enthusiastically with each member, encouraging them to strive to achieve a common goal. The reason why he was so successful is because he was able to maintain and initiate intimate relationships with the hundreds of his followers, he empowered each of them to ? ht for satyagraha by acknowledging each of their inputs. Individuals that were part of Ghandis group felt involved, valued and liberated. Being part of Ghandis group promoted individual development. People associated with Ghandis group were instilled with Ghandis teaching of self belief, discipline and most importantly determination to attain their goals, by non-violence, non-cooperation and self sustenance. There are varying factors which in? uenced Ghandis transformational leadership style. The two most dominant in? uences were his culture and nature of the group.Mahatma Ghandi was of Indian culture, this fact was reason why he was so motivated to gain Indian independence, and the segregation of Indians into Sout h African Society. As an Indian in society, Ghandis environment exposed him to racial discrimination and verbal abuse and this consequently effected his growth and development. Ghandis resilience and egalitarian nature stemmed from the injustices he experienced, and played a signi? cant berth in motivating Ghandi to achieve racial justice. Ghandis followers and members of the group were also Indian.Due to the fact that he and his followers shared the same culture ,they experienced the same mistreatment , discrimination and ecumenical way of life. Each of these individuals could relate to one another and this was the unifying force. Ghandi was therefore able to lead Indians based on the vexation they both shared for racial equality. The nature of the group, refers to quality of relationship that the leader obtains with the individuals part of the the group. Depending on the train of quality that the relationships hold e. g. High-quality or poor quality, leaders can be respected a nd have to a greater extent in? ence over the members. Leaders are more likely to have high quality relationships in groups that are informal because members are able to interact positively and more openly this was Ghandis case. Ghandi was able to maintain high quality relationships with the members in his groups and because of this he gained higher respect and had more in? uence over his followers. Mahatma Ghandi was a highly effective leader because he was able to lead his thousands of followers in achieving a common goal. Ghandis enduringness as a leader can be measured by the successfulness of his visions.Ghandi set out to achieve Indian Independence and Racial equality in South africa and he was successful. In the process of achieving his goals, he empowered nations around the world to challenge their governments if they had a problem and ? ght to ? x it. This shows that Ghandi was an overachiever, because he did more than he set out to and therefore was a highly effective lea der. Ghandis strengths were his ? De? nite purpose Ghandi maintained a vision and a set way he was going to achieve this. His goals had purpose and so did his actions towards achieving his goals. self-importance Discipline He believed that exercising his self discipline change his trueness to achieve his goals. ?Integrity He was honest about the way he lived and his beliefs , he believed that accept something and not living it was lying. He would alternatively have been prosecuted for his beliefs then denying them and this was sometimes the case. He stated To believe in something, and not to live it, is dishonest. ?Related to people he made an effort to very understand people, thus instilling motivation in him to achieve his goals, not only for what is right but for what the people wanted.He had an extensive understanding of the human psychology and use it along with his public relation skills. ?Self Belief and faith He believed in himself and had faith that he could atta in success. ?Flexibility he changed his strategies and methods of challenging his oppositions to suit the situation and in turn increased the effectiveness. ?Resilience despite setbacks he wasnt deterred from achieving his goals, in fact he was more motivated he learnt from his mistakes. ?Spirituality He promoted love and peace in times when another leader would have made a call to arms. Determination ? Persistence ? centralise ? Will to ? ght for his beliefs ? Unc one timern of what others thought of his actions, or how he dressed. ?The fact that he was prosecuted by authorities and publically shamed in some circumstances did not deter him from achieving his goals. Evidently Mahatma Ghandi presented an exemplary leader because of his effectiveness which came from his individual characteristics. However like every leader there are weaknesses, although Mahatma Ghandis weaknesses were insigni? cant, and didnt majorly concussion upon his effectiveness, they still existed.An examp le of this was Mahatma Ghandis experiments in Brahamacharya . Gandhi became a brahamachari (celibate) when he was thirty-six. He conducted experiments in Brahamacharya which he used to develop his ability to conquer sexual feelings. Although this act was innocent through Ghandis eyes, he was highly criticised for it and it became a very controversial issue. He apparently slept with numerous women in order to test Brahamacharya and see if he had mastered celibacy. This event showed weakness in Ghandi as leader, because he made a commitment to elibacy, however afterwards he had sex with women in order to see if he had mastered celibacy. This act caused some of Ghandis followers to lack respect in him because he was no a longer a man that refrained himself of intercourse , even through he made a commitment to do so. As a leader, Ghandi created a unique style of ? ghting for what he believed in, which he referred to as Satyagraha . As stated previously in the essay this theory that Ghan di proposed ,meant truth force and becoming a Satyagrahi meant a ? hter for the truth. His way of resolving and managing con? ict was in? uenced by his belief in Satyagraha. This meant that individuals were encouraged to ? ght for the truth but in doing so it had to be in a civilize manner. Ghandi is well cognise globally for his method of argue the government by civil disobedience and passive resistance. This method was carried out passively, and people that employed this method were encouraged to do so in way that did not harm, violate or create violence with others, even their enemies.Ghandis theory enforced communicating your message in a peaceful and civilised manner, which is why he is so highly respected. When con? ict arose within his group or between his followers, he encouraged that they settle the dispute in a civilised manner but also efficaciously communicating their feelings. He encouraged that his followers didnt simply give up but rather made sure that their oppo nents knew how they felt in order to understand where they were coming from. He stated neer give in. Never. Never. Never. Never. This mentality of Ghandis was re? cted in his methods of government opposition. He used passive methods such as sit-ins, boycotts, blockades and occupations of buildings, tax refusal, and alternative publications and media. More active forms of passive resistance include strikes, walkouts, protest marches, theatrical protests, and hunger strikes. Ghandi was also an advocate of forgiveness, so if there were disputes or disagreements of any kind within his group he encouraged his followers to forgive the other which further re? ected Ghandis school of thought of love, peace and forgiveness between people of religions, races and beliefs.In order for Mahatma Ghandi to have achieved leadership he followed a lead which lead him to becoming a leader. Initially Ghandi started ? ghting for the improvements of Indian rights by himself, and through this process h e started to gain members which shared Ghandis goal. As Ghandi fought for racial equality he caught the attention of others, the media and the authorities. He became well known and during this process, as people began to become familiar with Ghandi and his vision they too cave ined him, and his members grew and grew.He was not appointed leader by his followers, he was assumed leader. This was the same case in the instance of Ghandi ? ghting for Indian independence in India. He was able to see, by himself that it was wrong for the British to rule India and afterward with the in? uence of others acknowledging the same fact he gained members that shared his beliefs and also wanted independence. This then lead . Bibliography New Oxford american dictionary accessed from may 18 19. http//dictionary. reference. com/browse/leadership Accessed whitethorn 19 , 710 pm. ttp//www. mensxp. com/work-life/corporate-skills/3140-leadership-style-ofmahatma-gandhi-. hypertext markup language Access ed whitethorn 20 , 9 30 am. . http//www. guide-to-employee-motivation. com/gandhi. html Accessed May 20, 9 40 am. http//www. scribd. com/Kunwar23/d/6977301-Leadership-Style-of-MahatmaGandhi Accessed May 20, 1002 am http//www. kamat. com/mmgandhi/day_with_gandhi. htm Accessed May 20, 1121 am. . http//www. encyclopedia. com/topic/passive_resistance. aspx Accessed May 20 , 11 42 am. http//civilresistance. info/ostergaard Accessed May 20 , 12 pm ttp//www. sikhtimes. com/books_020278a. html Accessed May 20 , 118 pm. . http//www. mightystudents. com/essay/Compare. strengths. weaknesses. 89958 Accessed May 20, 126 pm. http//www. nndb. com/people/653/000065458/ Accessed May 20, 200pm http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dalit Accessed 213 pm. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ . Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi Accessed May 20, 214 pm. http//www. sahistory. org. za/politics-and-society/anti-indianlegislation-1800s-1959 Accessed May 20 , 220pm http//www. skwirk. com. u/p-c_s-14_u-309_t-761_c-2862/historical- inquirypeople-motive-and-consequences/ nsw/historical-inquiry-peoplemotive-and-consequences/ investigating-history/historicalinquiry Accessed May 20 , 2 55 pm . http//www. brainyquote. com/quotes/keywords/power. html Accessed May 20, 321 pm Ghandi The peaceful revolutionary Anna Claybourne 2002 White Thomson Publishing Ltd. The wisdom Of Ghandi Trudy S. Settel 1995. . to Ghandi once again being assumed leader however never of? cially being appointed leader. In a differing case however, in 1919 Ghandi became an active member of the National Indian Congress and was of? cially appointed a leader.He was asked to join the National Indian Congress because his struggle for Indian Civil rights was successful, his satyagraha campaign aroused interest and his general ability to effect great social change without employing violence. To conclude it is clear that Mahatma Ghandi was an exemplary leader. What made him such a good leader were his personal characteristics, his style of leadership an d how he chose to utilise them in order to achieve his goals. It is evident that Ghandi was a successful leader because he was able to work collaboratively with his group in achieving a common goal being Indian civil rights and Independence. .