Definition and Examples of Prepositional Adverbs

In English grammar, a prepositional adverb is an  adverb  that can function as a  preposition. Unlike an ordinary preposition, a prepositional adverb is not followed by an  object. Adverbs, Prepositions, and Prepositional Adverbs Make sure you know the difference between adverbs and prepositions before diving into studying prepositional adverbs. Pay attention to how these parts of speech are used separately to better understand how a word can be both. Adverbs An adverb is a word used to describe or modify a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs can describe how, when, or, where an action is performed. Adverb Examples How When Where carefully before/after here happily daily there quickly weekly inside/outside How, when, where adverbs Prepositions A preposition, on the other hand, is used to show movement, location, or time. It is a word that introduces a prepositional phrase, which usually ends with an object. Prepositional phrases include expressions such as through the tunnel, below the sink, and in the morning. Preposition Examples Movement Location Time from in after/before through above until around near at Movement, location, and time prepositions Prepositional Adverbs Sometimes, an adverb is also a preposition or a preposition is also an adverb. Words that can function as prepositional adverbs include: about, above, across, after, along, around, before, behind, below, between, beyond, by, down, in, inside, near, on, opposite, out, outside, over, past, round, since, through, throughout, under, up, within, and without. Phrasal Verbs Prepositional adverbs, also called  adverbial particles, can further be used to form  phrasal verbs. These are idiomatic expressions consisting of a verb and a particle—this can be an adverb alone, a preposition, or a prepositional adverb—that form a single semantic unit. These are common in everyday English. A phrasal verb is a type of compound verb. Examples include break down, pull up, call on, give in, and hold back. Many phrasal verbs are formed with prepositional adverbs but not all prepositional adverbs form phrasal verbs. What makes phrasal verbs unique is the fact that their meaning is not the sum of their parts, as Grover Hudson points out in Essential Introductory Linguistics. In this book, Hudson offers the example of throw[ing] up, an action that doesnt involve either throwing or a direction up. Another example is call off, meaning to cancel. The meaning of the verb call is transformed by the addition of the prepositional adverb off, contributing entirely new meaning to the phrasal verb (Hudson 1999). A single verb can be made into several different phrasal verbs, each with their own distinct meaning, simply by adding different prepositions. For example, the verb come can be turned into come up with, meaning to think of an idea; come in, meaning to enter; come across, meaning to find; and come forward, meaning to offer information. Prepositional Adverb Example Sentences One way to spot a prepositional adverb is to look for prepositions that do not have corresponding objects. Often, but not always, these prepositions also serve as adverbs. Reference the following examples to practice identifying prepositional adverbs. We were playing records, Mama, listening to the radio, just hanging around. Mama, just hanging around, (Waiting for Macarthur 2003).Ring-a-ring-a-roses,A pocket full of posies;Hush! hush! hush! hush!We’re all tumbled down, (Greenaway 1881).He called her up, she said oracularly, he called her up, and asked her to keep you at the telephone, so he could talk to Miss Louise. A thankless child is sharper than a serpents tooth, (Rinehart 1908).After he finished wiping his shoes, he stepped inside.In the last quarter of the game, their fans cheered them on.In the middle of the investigation, an informant came forward with valuable information.As they passed by, they saw all kinds of amazing sights through the window of the train. The adverbs in these examples are also prepositions because they modify actions and describe spatial or temporal relations. For example, tumbled down shows how and where the subject tumbled. Notice that in these examples, prepositional adverbs are not used to  form prepositional phrases. This means that each preposition functioning as an adverb appears without an object—because of this, it is not only a preposition but also an adverb. Pure Prepositions Vs.  Prepositional Adverbs If you are still confused about the difference between prepositions and prepositional adverbs, dont worry. In his book The Elements of English Grammar, George Philip Krapp writes, The difference between the pure preposition and the prepositional adverb is illustrated by the following two sentences: He ran up the stairs.He ran up a bill. In the first sentence, a prepositional phrase, stairs is the object of up. The expression up the stairs is a  prepositional phrase  modifying the verb ran. In the second sentence, however, bill is not the object of up and up a bill is, therefore, not a prepositional phrase modifying the verb ran. Rather, the word up is acting as a prepositional adverb modifying the verb ran. Together, the two words form the phrasal verb ran up, an expression whose distinct meaning has nothing to do with the act of running (Krapp 1970). Sources Greenaway, Kate.  Kate Greenaways Mother Goose, or, Old Nursery Rhymes: the Complete Facsimile Sketchbooks from the Arents Collections, the New York Public Library. H.N. Abrams, 1988.Hudson, Grover.  Essential Introductory Linguistics. 1st ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 1999.Krapp, George Philip.  The Elements of English Grammar. Greenwood Press, 1970.MacDougal, P. Paullette.  Waiting for MacArthur: a Play in Two Acts. Dramatic Publishing, 2003.Rinehart, Mary Roberts.  The Circular Staircase. Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1908.

Tulsa Race Riots - 1755 Words

Outline I. Introduction pg. 3 II. Riot Beginnings pg. 3 -4 III. Statistics pg. 4-5 IV. Lives Changed pg. 5-6 V. Reparations pg 6-7 VI. References pg. 8 Introduction The Tulsa race riot of 1921 was a dark time in the history of Oklahoma. It all began with a simple misunderstanding, but had catastrophic consequences. Homes and businesses were destroyed, many African Americans and whites were killed, and Tulsa had lost its soul. In the beginning Oklahoma was just a young state, and Tulsa was just a young town, trying to find its place in the world. The discovery of Oil quickly turned Tulsa into one of†¦show more content†¦Louis and many communities in between white mobs pursued what can only be described as a reign of terror against African Americans during the period from 1917 to 1923. As Mr. Patrick stated this was probably one of the worst if not the worst domestic act violence. Even today people do not have the knowledge or refuse to believe what happened that day in 1921. The official death toll was 35(Patrick, 1999) but it is believed that many more hundreds were killed, because many bodies were dumped into the river of coal mines or burned (Patrick, 1999). Here are other numbers that Mr. Patrick writes in his article, 1500 African American homes destroyed, 600 businesses destroyed, 21 churches, 21 restaurants, 30 stores, 2 movie theaters, a hospital, a bank, a post office, libraries, and schools. It takes people with an exponential amount of hate in their hearts would be able to do destroy institutions that exist only for the benefit of mankind. The Statistics prove that Greenwood Avenue was once vibrant and full of life. Greenwood Avenue not only just provided great economic means for African Americans, but it was a place where their hopes and dreams came alive. It was where they were free to prosper after a long history of slavery and discrimination. Lives Changed Many people had their lives destroyed, fortunes lost, and names tarnished. One of these men was J.B. Stradford, who had been a prominent lawyer andShow MoreRelatedThe Tulsa Race Riot Of 19211400 Words   |  6 Pages The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 was the culmination of racial tensions both endemic in American society as a whole in the period, and certain tensions peculiar to Tulsa, Oklahoma. In 1921, Greenwood and its African American population became the outlet for these often violent tensions seething among Tulsa’s white population. The following paper seeks to shed some further understanding on what motivated and pushed the whites of Tulsa, Oklahoma to such a violent, extreme reaction during the riot. ToRead More Tulsa Race Riots Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pages Tulsa Race Riot The Tulsa race riot changed the course of American history by actively expressing African American views on white supremacy. Before the events of the Tulsa race riot African Americans saw the white community taking justice into their own hands. Black citizens of Tulsa stood up against this sort of white mob. This escaladed into the Tulsa race riot. The Tulsa race riot and its effects weighed heavily upon the African Americans of this era. The first event was with the IndustrialRead MoreThe Tulsa Race Riot : The Black Population Of Tulsa At The Time Of The Riots3694 Words   |  15 PagesThe Tulsa Race Riot is an event that is quite possibly the most unknown and misconstrued piece of history in the United States of America. When and if it is discussed, it’s taken as a single event that happened in Tulsa and was deadly and very destructive. The many theories of what occurred and how it came to the extreme mob like violence taken on Tulsa’s own civilians. The evidence found suggest there were alternative motives in Tulsa for acquiring land that the black civilians held. This paperRead MoreThe Tulsa Race Riot Of 19211376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tulsa race riot was a large-scale, racially motivated pogrom on May 31 and June 1, 1921, in which a group of whites attacked the black community of Tulsa, Oklahoma. The Greenwood District, the wealthiest black community in the United States, was burned to the ground. Over the course of 16 hours, more than 800 people were admitted to local white hospitals with injuries, the two black hospitals were burned down, and police arrested and detained more than 6,000 black Greenwood residents at threeRead MoreA Short Note On Oklahoma Race Riots And The Black Wall Street928 Words   |  4 PagesTu â€Æ' Tulsa Race Riots On May 31-June 1, 1921, a series of actions occurred in Greenwood, a small district in the northern parts of Tulsa, Oklahoma, which are now called the Tulsa race Riots. Being a segregated city like the rest of Oklahoma, many of Tulsa’s African American citizens resided in Greenwood- an area composed of predominately African American communities and business locations. The discovery of oil is the number one reason why Tulsa’s economy flourished. There was an abundance ofRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The 1920 S1525 Words   |  7 PagesSelena Carrizales Mrs. Lilley English III 10 March 2017 The Tragedy of the 1920’s Tulsa Race Riot Racism has been a huge problem in the U.S. for many decades now, and a big action that follows racism are the race riots. One of the biggest riots of the 1920’s was the Tulsa Race Riot, which involved the burning of the Greenwood area, and left many African Americans homeless. The Tulsa Race Riot was concluded to be one of the worst racial violent events in American history. On June 1, 1921 a sequenceRead MoreThe Race, Gender, And Murder Of Oklahoma During The 1920s Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesIn chapter seven, â€Å"Spirited Away†: Race, Gender, and Murder in Oklahoma During the 1920s, it was about how a small but active group of African Americans appeared and fought for their rights when the twentieth century came around (pg. 135). According the author, when it came to the Jim Crow Laws in Oklahoma, it separated almost every aspect of life into white and colored. A number of them were quickly written into the states’ legal code and were founded on two basic principles. They were that AfricanRead MoreThe Resurgence Of The Kkk944 Words   |  4 Pages1920s involved infamous race riots, lynching, the Sweet Case, and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan. However, out of all these other factors, the Ku Klux Klan has left a huge impact on American history. To begin, there were many ways to show racism but, race riots were most common. One of the most famous race riots happened in Tulsa, Oklahoma. On the thirty first of May till the first of June in 1921, a handful of white people attacked an African American community. The Tulsa Riot started in an attemptRead MoreThe Destruction Of The Black Nation1440 Words   |  6 Pagesstill burns their lungs. The events are a recurring nightmare. While concealed from the 700,000 citizens dwelling and working in Tulsa, Oklahoma, they trod upon the grounds of the site of one of the most horrid race riots in America’s history. However, the witnesses of this atrocity would never be able to rid the images that were burned into their minds. The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 transpired in what was considered to be the Promise Land for the black populous (See Appendix A). For years the AfricanRead MoreNot Like Us : Immigrants And Minorities853 Words   |  4 PagesDaniels holds a Ph.D. in History, is the Charles Phelps Taft Professor at the University of Cincinnati, and has written several books on the matters of race and ethnicity. In Chapter 4 of his book, which is aptly titled â€Å"Postwar Passions†, Daniels chooses to focus on the experiences of African-Americans in the post-WWI era, specifically focusing on race riots that occurred during the â€Å"Red Summer† of 1919. (104) There is a long-standing history of racial discord between whites and African-Americans, but

Business Communication Management

Question: Write letters on Business Communication? Answer: 1. Dear Customers, Thanks for the immense support provided by children and women who have been there in the success of Chinaberry. Our staffs have been educating and guiding you for the buying decisions. This openness has extended a level for satisfying families for more than 33 years now. At the very moment, Chinaberry is serving more than 3.5 million customers by providing the best products and gifting ideas. The customers are loyal to the company because of the services provided. For example, printing and mailing of catalogs have provided a great decisional support for your purchases. Printing of catalogs and mailing cost are raising the merchandise prices. The company has decided to save money by reducing the number of customers who receive the catalog. As an alternative policy, the company will send a catalog for three years to the people who have placed an order within a 12-month period. While, for other customers, only the holiday catalog will be sent in December. Co-operation with the new policy will be appreciated. Sincerely Chinaberry Inc. 2.The Merchandising Manager Nordstrom Inc Seattle Dear Robert Kilcline Thank you for your kind recommendation about opening a new store in Fashion Square Mall, an upscale department store on the north side. I appreciate the concern as you want to be competitive in the market despite high costs. There is abundant inventory to ensure a complete selection of sizes and colors. This is a trait that is put efforts for instilling and nurturing in all your employees. The no-questions-asked return policy is offered by you with abundant inventory. A harpist is employed to be on the main floor every day for 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. I appreciate your efforts for being customer-conscious. The alternative recommendation put up for having an over-sized dressing room is considered. I appreciate your thought to provide the customers with ease with a comfortable chair, garment rack, and adjustable three-sided mirrors. After checking with the facility planner of the new store, it was discovered that a certain amount of space is available for your store. The retail stores are quite expensive in this mall up to $18,500 and a lease of $225. To protect the high cost to consumers, we restrict the availability of mall space to you. Any space taken up by dressing room is at expenses of the public store areas. The mall is nearly 50 per cent more expensive than that of your other locations. Since the Nordstrom facility engineers are trying to make every inch of space count, it is advised to search for a new location but this mall. Alternative recommendations from you would be appreciated and taken into consideration. Ideas that would cut down some amount of cost that would benefit both the store and customers would be humbly appreciated. Sincerely, Rebecca Chavez Executive Vice President 3. Public Service Company of Arkansas 189 Blackwood Lane Little Rock, AR 72207 Dear Ms. Malcom Thank you for writing to us. It is extremely disheartening to know about the loss you have gone through. The ten pots of azaleas were ordered from Jackson Perkins on February 3 at $27.50 each exclusive of shipping. I appreciate your dedication to decorate the stage for the new hydroelectric plant. The shipping charges accounted to be $10.50. As the company committed, it was delivered to you in show condition. The azaleas were ready to burst into bloom within three days. In this case, it was guaranteed that the money would be refunded to you for the same. As reported by you, the plants arrived in healthy condition. The flowers were in the finals hours of flowering. I am sorry to hear an additional amount of $436 was paid by you for the florist plants substituting azaleas. The azaleas were planted only three days before dedication as a part of permanent landscaping. As a representative of Jackson Perkins, I regret informing you that a reimbursement of $150.50 cannot be provided to you. Jackson Perkins goes through a great amount of expense and uses only highest quality patented stock. The company packs each order in dampened sphagnum moss. On observing no changes in the display of the azaleas bought by us, an immediate refund would have been made by us. Evidently, the azaleas are now thriving where they were planted. With all due respect, I am sorry to inform you that the refund for the same cannot be made as the plants arrived in healthy condition on February 3. Also, the terms of the company state that an immediate refund would be made if it did not bloom within three days. The amount paid by you to a local florist was $150.50 more than what was paid to Jackson Perkins for stage decorations. Sincerely, Customer Service Representative Jackson Perkins Nurseries References Fawcett, S. (2002).Instant recommendation letter kit. Montreal: Final Draft Publications. Fawcett, S. (2004).Instant book writing kit. Montreal: Final Draft Publications. Fawcett, S. (2009).The self-bailout strategy. Montreal: Final Draft Publications. Krizan, A., Merrier, P., Logan, J., Williams, K. (2011).Business communication. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Minden, C., Roth, K. (2011).How to write a letter. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Cherry Lake Pub. New, C., Quick, J. (2003).How to write a grant proposal. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons.

What Do Love and Loyalty Do For a Person Essay Example For Students

What Do Love and Loyalty Do For a Person? Essay Everybody has felt love in his or her life. Whether it was for a pet, a favorite toy, or another person, love has been involved in everybodys life in someway, shape, or form. Loyalty is another very common feeling, however, not as many people may have felt this way, or recognized it as easily. Loyalty can be defined as the devotion to another person or an organization. At times these two can be coupled together to form an excellent relationship. For instance, in the book, All Quiet On the Western Front, the narrator feels loyalty towards his commanding officer and soon realizes that it is also love that he feels towards him. This can easily be shown by the quote from the book, now we sit with a goose between us and feel in unison, are so intimate that we do not even speakI love him In this instance the amount of loyalty was so great that love was shared between two grown men in the middle of a war. When these two are coupled together an overwhelming sense of attachment takes place and one would do anything for the other and them in return. Loyalty is definitely needed for every person so they may feel part of something. If they feel loyal to someone or a group then they will at least have respect for that person or group. With respect eventually comes love. Loyalty is the base of love. It is hard to feel love for something that is not liked. And in a sense if you like something then you are loyal to it. A person needs loyalty so they can have respect and love for something. When they have respect and love for something then they have it for themselves. At that point it is hard to take this person down in any way, because they feel that they are a part of a group, or have a superior friendship with someone, and feel as though they have someone to back them up. Thusly, they are more willing to stand up for what they believe in and are more likely to have great inner strength so that they can take on anything. Like war. War is a major place where you need loyalty. If you dont trust the person next to you or the organization youre fighting for then you are not as willing to give everything up. Which, if you think about it, is what loyalty really is. As mentioned before, loyalty is the bases for love. If you dont feel dedicated to something you cannot feel love for it. Love, in a sense, is loyalty. Love is that burning desire to do what ever it takes to help or be there for what is loved; a feeling of loyalty. Every person needs to feel love because every person wants to be loved. With love is a greater sense of trust. Love is the best feeling in the world and each person should be willing to do anything for what they love. If love is not felt than a person cannot stand up for what they believe in and certainly cannot fight in a war. This person needs to feel love for the organization they are fighting for or, at least, their comrades. If that love is not felt than they will not give their all to defend what they believe in or help their fellow citizens, friends, and family. In the end, a person cannot survive without love and loyalty. It is so needed that people cannot deal with themselves, not to mention the others that they should or would like to care about. Love and loyalty do so much for a person. .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 , .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 .postImageUrl , .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 , .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1:hover , .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1:visited , .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1:active { border:0!important; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1:active , .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1 .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2b96c3a0dafa527a5cb9ea6c35ae5fd1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Saint Martin Essay It makes them feel whole and adds to their need of being accepted by their friends, family, co-workers, and any major organization, such as a country. Love and loyalty take a person much farther once these feelings are felt. These feelings may become so overwhelming that they are willing to die for what they are feeling love and loyalty for. .